Fosquidone (also known as GR63178A), a pentacyclic pyrroloquinone that was developed as an anticancer agent. Fosquidone participated in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of patients with colorectal, renal and non-small cell lung cancer. However, the drug didn’t show significant antitumor activity. The further development of this drug was discontinued.

Fospirate is an organophosphorus insecticide used in veterinary as an anthelmintic agent.

Flurocitabine is an anti-metabolite that was developed by Hoffmann-La Roche for the treatment of cancer. The drug is metabolized to 2 biologically active substances, AFC (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorocytosine) and AFU (arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorouracil). Flurocitabine was tested against stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, small cell lung cancer and AML, however, the development was terminated in the early phases.

Fluprofen was invented as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. However, information about the current use of this drug is not available.

Pipequaline (PK-8165, 2-phenyl-4[2-(4-piperidinyl) ethyl]quinoline) is a benzodiazepine receptor partial agonist.

Gomisin A (BESIGOMSIN/GA) one of the major dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis Baill, has proved to possess a variety of pharmacological effects. It has been found to promote hepatocyte growth factor, limit lipid peroxidation, and inhibit apoptosis in acute hepatic injury animal models. Besigomsine also acts as an anti-inflammatory by preventing the release of arachidonic acid in macrophages in vitro. Laboratory evidence suggests that Besigomsine may have anticarcinogenic effects. Chronic administration of Gomisin A had an antihypertensive effect in AngII-induced hypertensive mice. Gomisin A may exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating the microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response via inhibiting the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Also it induces marked protective effects against hepatic and renal injury induced by CCl(4) exposure through differential regulation of the MAPK signal transduction pathway.

Perflisobutane is an anesthetic agent.

Evobrutinib is a highly selective, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). It potently inhibits BCR- and Fc receptor-mediated signaling and, thus, subsequent activation and function of B cells and innate immune cells such as monocytes and basophils. Evobrutinib demonstrated effectivity in autoimmune disease preclinical models. Evobrutinib is being developed by Merck Serono for the treatment of various autoimmune disorders.

Emricasan (IDN- 6556 or PF-03491390) (3-[2-[(2-tert-butyl-phenylaminooxalyl)-amino]-propionylamino]-4-oxo-5-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-phenoxy)-pentanoic acid) is a pan-caspase inhibitor. Testing in vitro enzyme assays demonstrated that emricasan efficiently inhibits all human caspases at low nanomolar concentrations. Preclinically, emricasan was effective in inhibiting apoptosis of sinusoidal endothelial cells. Emricasan has marked efficacy in models of liver disease after oral administration and thus, is an excellent candidate for the treatment of liver diseases characterized by excessive apoptosis. This drug is a first-in-class anti-apoptotic caspase inhibitor with demonstrated preliminary efficacy in liver-impaired patients in humans.