Methyl palmitate is one of endogenous fatty acid methyl esters. It has been demonstrated that methyl palmitate inhibited phagocytic activity and the effect was accompanied by differential expression of cytokines, nitric oxide, and COX-2. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that methyl palmitate has the potential to inhibit macrophages in general and also has promising anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. The drug was tested in vivo on preclinical models of epidural fibrosis, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis and edema.

Alanyl-glutamine is a widely used alternative supplement to L-glutamine in the production of biopharmaceuticals. The primary advantage of using L-alanyl-glutamine in place of L-glutamine is that it reduces the level of ammonia generated during cell culture. L-alanyl glutamine also acts as an antioxidant (peroxide) and anti-apoptosis (LPS-induced) factor. Ala-Glu may be used in cell culture and insect cell culture applications. It can be used in studies on injury and sepsis, and in the effects of irradiation on leucine and protein metabolism in vivo. Alanyl-glutamine is used as dipeptide infusion solution, which is given as part of parenteral and/or enteral nutritional therapy. When the intake of nutrients or food into the mouth or directly into the gut is not possible or it is not enough to supply the body’s needs then nutrients or foods can be given intravenously or through the gastrointestinal tract or a combination of both. This is especially important for people whose bodies are under physical stress from illness or recent surgery. During illness or after surgery the body requires nutrition or food. Amino acids are the building blocks used by the body to make proteins. Dipeptiven is usually given as a supplement to amino acid solutions or an amino acid containing infusion regimen as part of complete nutritional support.

Morantel (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)ethenyl pyrimidine) is a tetrahydro-pyrimidine anthelmintic, differing from the related analogue pyrantel by the presence of a methyl group on the thiophene ring. Morantel tartrate, manufactured by Pfizer, Inc., was approved in the United States for use in cattle in 1981, and entered the market in early 1982. Three formulations have been approved in the United States: RUMATEL® Medicated Premix-88; RUMATEL Cattle Wormer Bolus, and PARATECT FLEX™ Diffuser, a sustained release bolus. It is intended to treat roundworms and tapeworms. Morantel is administered in lactating and non lactating cattle as morantel tartrate as a slow-release bolus (11.8 g morantel base per animal) or as a single oral dose of 6 to 7.5 mg morantel base/kg bw and in pigs at a single dose equivalent to 7.5 mg base/kg bw. In sheep, the citrate salt is administered at a single dose equivalent to 5 to 6 mg morantel base/kg bw. Morantel acts as a potent agonist at the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells of nematodes. Activation of the acetylcholine receptors induces a prolonged, spastic paralysis of the worms and expulsion from the host. It also been reported to block neurotransmission in vertebrates, to possess nicotine-like properties and to mimic acetylcholine at receptors in autonomic ganglia, adrenal medullae and respiratory tissues. Morantel and its salts are not used in human medicines.