Panthenol (pantothenol) is an alcohol form of the B5 vitamin pantothenic acid. It easily penetrates the skin retaining water and is a humectant, emollient and moisturizer. Panthenol mitigates signs of inflammation and stimulates epithelization. Panthenol comes in two enantiomers, D and L. Only D-panthenol (dexpanthenol) is biologically active, however both forms have moisturizing properties. Because of the ability to attract and hold moisture panthenol is used in skincare products as a humectant. It also has a role as provitamin (called pro-vitamin B5) and is used as a vitamin supplement in complex ( M.V.I. ADULT injection, Hospira Worldwide, Inc.) and alone, and as a cholinergic drug. Panthenol is a highly viscous transparent liquid at room temperature, but salts of pantothenic acid (sodium pantothenate) are powders (typically white). It is soluble in water, alcohol, propylene glycol, ether and chloroform, and slightly soluble in glycerin. Panthenol mixes readily with many different types of ingredients, making it a versatile ingredient to be used in formulas because it improves skin’s barrier function and maintains the proliferation of fibroblasts. In organisms it is quickly oxidized to pantothenate (pantothenic acid). Defficiency of Vitamin B5 results in many dermatological disorder. Due to the fact that only D-Panthenol is converted to Vitamin B5 and not L-Panthenol, the racemic mixture of D- and L- panthenol (DL-panthenol) has only half of the physiological activity of the D-Panthenol. These include stimulation of epithelisation, wound healing effect and anti-infl ammatory effect. Panthenol is FDA approved for cosmetic use and comes either in D form, or as a racemic mixture. It is also in the FDA list of over-the-counter drug products that are not generally recognized as safe and effective or are misbranded: as "Insect Bite and Sting Drug Products" and "Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, and Poison Sumac Drug Products".

Stearyl Alcohol is long chain fatty alcohol. Stearyl alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation. It has low toxicity. Stearyl Alcohol is used in surface-active agents, lubricants, emulsions, resins, and USP ointments and as a substitute for cetyl alcohol and antifoaming agents. Stearyl Alcohol (synthetic) has been approved as a direct food additive (DFA) ingredient, to be used under the same manufacturing practices as the natrual alcohol product. It also has indirect food additive (IFA) status for use in food containers. Stearyl Alcohol is also used as an ingredient in over-the-counter (OTC) drugs of the miscellaneous external drug product category. It is considered to be safe at a concentration of 8 percent or less. Stearyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics as an emollient, stabilizer, antifoaming agent, emulsifier, and carrier. It is used as a water in oil (w/o) emulsifier to produce firm cosmetic products at ordinary temperatures.

Lauric acid, or dodecanoic acid, is the main acid in coconut oil and in palm kernel oil, and is believed to have antimicrobial properties. The detected values of half maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) of lauric acid on P. acnes, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis growth indicate that P. acnes is the most sensitive to lauric acid among these bacteria. In addition, lauric acid did not induce cytotoxicity to human sebocytes. This data highlight the potential of using lauric acid as an alternative treatment for antibiotic therapy of acne vulgaris. Lauric acid is used in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, cosmetics, and lauryl alcohol.

Caprylyl glycol (1,2-octanediol) is a diol derived from caprylic acid, a saturated fatty acid found some plants (coconut and palm oils) and animals (some mammals). Caprylyl glycol is a medium chain triglyceride known to have antibactieral, antifungal and anti-inflamatory properties. Caprylyl glycol is used in cosmetics, sun screens, cleansers and mositurizers as a skin conditioner, humectant (to reduce moisture loss) and stabilizer.

Butylated hydroxytoluene, commonly known as BHT, is an organic compound that is used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry as an antioxidant. BHT is a substituted derivative of phenol. BHT helps to prevent the formation of free radicals and oxidation. When used in food products, it delays oxidative rancidity of fats and oils, and prevents loss of activity of oil-soluble vitamins. It may be found in pharmaceutical gels, creams and liquid or gelatin capsules, tablets and other pharmaceutical dosage forms. The ability of oral BHT to lead to cancer is a controversial topic, but most food industries have replaced it with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). BHT was first used as an antioxidant food additive in 1954. BHT does have other commercial uses, as in animal feeds and in the manufacture of synthetic rubber and plastics, where it also acts as an antioxidant. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has deemed that BHT is safe enough when used in limited concentrations. It currently permits its use in concentrations of about 0.01% to 0.02% in most foods. As an emulsion stabilizer in shortening, it may be used in a somewhat higher concentration, 200 parts per million.

Panthenol (pantothenol) is an alcohol form of the B5 vitamin pantothenic acid. It easily penetrates the skin retaining water and is a humectant, emollient and moisturizer. Panthenol mitigates signs of inflammation and stimulates epithelization. Panthenol comes in two enantiomers, D and L. Only D-panthenol (dexpanthenol) is biologically active, however both forms have moisturizing properties. Because of the ability to attract and hold moisture panthenol is used in skincare products as a humectant. It also has a role as provitamin (called pro-vitamin B5) and is used as a vitamin supplement in complex ( M.V.I. ADULT injection, Hospira Worldwide, Inc.) and alone, and as a cholinergic drug. Panthenol is a highly viscous transparent liquid at room temperature, but salts of pantothenic acid (sodium pantothenate) are powders (typically white). It is soluble in water, alcohol, propylene glycol, ether and chloroform, and slightly soluble in glycerin. Panthenol mixes readily with many different types of ingredients, making it a versatile ingredient to be used in formulas because it improves skin’s barrier function and maintains the proliferation of fibroblasts. In organisms it is quickly oxidized to pantothenate (pantothenic acid). Defficiency of Vitamin B5 results in many dermatological disorder. Due to the fact that only D-Panthenol is converted to Vitamin B5 and not L-Panthenol, the racemic mixture of D- and L- panthenol (DL-panthenol) has only half of the physiological activity of the D-Panthenol. These include stimulation of epithelisation, wound healing effect and anti-infl ammatory effect. Panthenol is FDA approved for cosmetic use and comes either in D form, or as a racemic mixture. It is also in the FDA list of over-the-counter drug products that are not generally recognized as safe and effective or are misbranded: as "Insect Bite and Sting Drug Products" and "Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, and Poison Sumac Drug Products".

Lauric acid, or dodecanoic acid, is the main acid in coconut oil and in palm kernel oil, and is believed to have antimicrobial properties. The detected values of half maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) of lauric acid on P. acnes, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis growth indicate that P. acnes is the most sensitive to lauric acid among these bacteria. In addition, lauric acid did not induce cytotoxicity to human sebocytes. This data highlight the potential of using lauric acid as an alternative treatment for antibiotic therapy of acne vulgaris. Lauric acid is used in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, cosmetics, and lauryl alcohol.