Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C5H8N4O3S2 |
Molecular Weight | 236.272 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 1 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CN1N=C(S\C1=N\C(C)=O)S(N)(=O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=FLOSMHQXBMRNHR-QPJJXVBHSA-N
InChI=1S/C5H8N4O3S2/c1-3(10)7-4-9(2)8-5(13-4)14(6,11)12/h1-2H3,(H2,6,11,12)/b7-4+
Molecular Formula | C5H8N4O3S2 |
Molecular Weight | 236.272 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 1 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00703Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/pro/methazolamide.html
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00703
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/pro/methazolamide.html
Methazolamide is topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Methazolamide is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who are insufficiently responsive to beta-blockers. Methazolamide is a sulfonamide derivative; however, it does not have any clinically significant antimicrobial properties. Although methazolamide achieves a high concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid, it is not-considered an effective anticonvulsant. Methazolamide has a weak and transient diuretic effect, therefore use results in an increase in urinary volume, with excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride. Methazolamide is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport. Methazolamide is used for treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute angle-closure glaucoma.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL261 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965175 |
50.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL205 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965175 |
14.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL3594 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965175 |
27.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL3242 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965175 |
3.4 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2326 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00703 |
2.1 nM [Ki] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Methazolamide Approved Useindicated in the treatment of ocular conditions where lowering intraocular pressure is likely to be of therapeutic benefit, such as chronic open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucoma where lowering the intraocular pressure is desired before surgery. Launch Date1993 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 μg/mL |
25 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
METHAZOLAMIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
5.1 μg/mL |
50 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
METHAZOLAMIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
10.7 μg/mL |
100 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
METHAZOLAMIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1130 μg × min/mL |
25 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
METHAZOLAMIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2571 μg × min/mL |
50 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
METHAZOLAMIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
5418 μg × min/mL |
100 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
METHAZOLAMIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
14 h |
steady-state, oral |
METHAZOLAMIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
45% |
25 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
METHAZOLAMIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 67.5 years n = 24 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Glaucoma Age Group: 67.5 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 24 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Loss of energy, Fatigue... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Loss of energy (2 patients) Sources: Fatigue (2 patients) Lethargy (2 patients) |
50 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: aspirin(high concentration) Sources: |
unhealthy |
Disc. AE: Anorexia, Tachypnea... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Anorexia Sources: Tachypnea Lethargy Coma |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Fatigue | 2 patients Disc. AE |
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 67.5 years n = 24 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Glaucoma Age Group: 67.5 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 24 Sources: |
Lethargy | 2 patients Disc. AE |
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 67.5 years n = 24 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Glaucoma Age Group: 67.5 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 24 Sources: |
Loss of energy | 2 patients Disc. AE |
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 67.5 years n = 24 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Glaucoma Age Group: 67.5 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 24 Sources: |
Anorexia | Disc. AE | 50 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: aspirin(high concentration) Sources: |
unhealthy |
Coma | Disc. AE | 50 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: aspirin(high concentration) Sources: |
unhealthy |
Lethargy | Disc. AE | 50 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: aspirin(high concentration) Sources: |
unhealthy |
Tachypnea | Disc. AE | 50 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: aspirin(high concentration) Sources: |
unhealthy |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/38/2/347 Page: 348.0 |
no |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Biochemical, histological, and inhibitor studies of membrane carbonic anhydrase in frog gastric acid secretion. | 2001 Jul |
|
Effects of anion and cation inhibitors and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors upon the activity of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleo-polyhedrovirus. | 2002 Apr |
|
Management of essential tremor. | 2002 Jul |
|
Non-catalytic role of carbonic anhydrase in rat intestinal absorption. | 2002 Nov 14 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: SAR and X-ray crystallographic study for the interaction of sugar sulfamates/sulfamides with isozymes I, II and IV. | 2003 Mar 10 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the prokariotic beta and gamma-class enzymes from Archaea with sulfonamides. | 2004 Dec 20 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mitochondrial isozyme V with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides. | 2004 Feb 26 |
|
Benzolamide is not a membrane-impermeant carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. | 2004 Jun |
|
Low-dose PGE2 mimics the duodenal secretory response to luminal acid in mice. | 2004 Jun |
|
HCO3- secretion in the esophageal submucosal glands. | 2005 Apr |
|
Measuring drug concentrations using pulsatile microdialysis: theory and method development in vitro. | 2005 Apr 11 |
|
Expression of a novel carbonic anhydrase, CA XIII, in normal and neoplastic colorectal mucosa. | 2005 Apr 18 |
|
Proton-mediated feedback inhibition of presynaptic calcium channels at the cone photoreceptor synapse. | 2005 Apr 20 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the membrane-bound human and bovine isozymes IV with sulfonamides. | 2005 Feb 15 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the human cytosolic isozyme VII with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides. | 2005 Feb 15 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs? | 2005 Feb 15 |
|
Stimulation of renal sulfate secretion by metabolic acidosis requires Na+/H+ exchange induction and carbonic anhydrase. | 2005 Jul |
|
Rat adrenal chromaffin cells are neonatal CO2 sensors. | 2005 Jul 13 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Zonisamide is an effective inhibitor of the cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V: solution and X-ray crystallographic studies. | 2005 May 2 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of cytosolic/tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and IX with benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxide sulfonamides. | 2005 Nov 1 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides. | 2005 Sep 1 |
|
Expression, purification, kinetic, and structural characterization of an alpha-class carbonic anhydrase from Aedes aegypti (AaCA1). | 2006 Aug |
|
Epithelial carbonic anhydrases facilitate PCO2 and pH regulation in rat duodenal mucosa. | 2006 Jun 15 |
|
Inhibition profiling of human carbonic anhydrase II by high-throughput screening of structurally diverse, biologically active compounds. | 2006 Oct |
|
PAT-1 (Slc26a6) is the predominant apical membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in the upper villous epithelium of the murine duodenum. | 2007 Apr |
|
Statement on high-altitude illnesses. An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS). | 2007 Apr 1 |
|
Direct non-cyclooxygenase-2 targets of celecoxib and their potential relevance for cancer therapy. | 2007 Dec 3 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibition prevents and reverts cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. | 2007 Feb 15 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. DNA cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the human secretory isoform VI, a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors. | 2007 Jan 25 |
|
Topical inhibition of nasal carbonic anhydrase affects the CO2 detection threshold in rats. | 2007 Mar |
|
The development of topically acting carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as antiglaucoma agents. | 2008 |
|
The alpha and beta classes carbonic anhydrases from Helicobacter pylori as novel drug targets. | 2008 |
|
CO2 chemosensing in rat oesophagus. | 2008 Dec |
|
Design of a carbonic anhydrase IX active-site mimic to screen inhibitors for possible anticancer properties. | 2009 Feb 17 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition and homology modeling studies of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrase from Candida albicans with sulfonamides. | 2009 Jul 1 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies of a coral secretory isoform by sulfonamides. | 2009 Jul 15 |
|
Titration calorimetry standards and the precision of isothermal titration calorimetry data. | 2009 Jun 18 |
|
Methazolamide and melatonin inhibit mitochondrial cytochrome C release and are neuroprotective in experimental models of ischemic injury. | 2009 May |
|
Methazolamide does not impair respiratory work performance in anesthetized rabbits. | 2009 Sep |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/dosage/methazolamide.html
Usual Adult Dose for Glaucoma
50 to 100 mg orally 2 or 3 times a day
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764447
Methazolamide (0.1 mM) inhibited acid-induced [CO(2)](t) increase in mice.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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on
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on
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Record UNII |
W733B0S9SD
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548664
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29577
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WHO-VATC |
QS01EC05
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S01EC05
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C448
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D008704
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SUB08843MIG
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1741
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METHAZOLAMIDE
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2101958-72-7
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m7304
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CHEMBL19
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882
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3269
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DB00703
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6826
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Methazolamide
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554-57-4
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100000081410
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C61318
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TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR | |||
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TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR | |||
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
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BINDER->LIGAND |
BINDING
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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Volume of Distribution | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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