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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C11H16ClN5
Molecular Weight 253.731
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of PROGUANIL

SMILES

CC(C)NC(=N)NC(=N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1

InChI

InChIKey=SSOLNOMRVKKSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C11H16ClN5/c1-7(2)15-10(13)17-11(14)16-9-5-3-8(12)4-6-9/h3-7H,1-2H3,(H5,13,14,15,16,17)

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Molecular Formula C11H16ClN5
Molecular Weight 253.731
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description

Proguanil is a prophylactic antimalarial drug, which works by stopping the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, from reproducing once it is in the red blood cells. Proguanil in combination with atovaquone are marked under the brand name malarone, which is indicated for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria and for the prophylaxis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, including in areas where chloroquine resistance has been reported. Atovaquone and proguanil, interfere with 2 different pathways involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines required for nucleic acid replication. Atovaquone is a selective inhibitor of parasite mitochondrial electron transport. Proguanil hydrochloride primarily exerts its effect by means of the metabolite cycloguanil, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase in the malaria parasite disrupts deoxythymidylate synthesis. Recently were done experiments, which confirmed the hypothesis that proguanil might act on another target than dihydrofolate reductase. In addition, was made conclusion, that effectiveness of malarone was due to the synergism between atovaquone and proguanil and may not require the presence of cycloguanil.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

1947
99
Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Inhibitor
8297
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Curative
Approved
8429
MALARONE

Approved Use

Prevention of Malaria: Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the prophylaxis of P. falciparum malaria, including in areas where chloroquine resistance has been reported (see CLINICAL STUDIES). Treatment of Malaria: Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride tablets have been shown to be effective in regions where the drugs chloroquine, halofantrine, mefloquine, and amodiaquine may have unacceptable failure rates, presumably due to drug resistance.

Launch Date

2000
Preventing
Approved
8429
MALARONE

Approved Use

Prevention of Malaria: Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the prophylaxis of P. falciparum malaria, including in areas where chloroquine resistance has been reported (see CLINICAL STUDIES). Treatment of Malaria: Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride tablets have been shown to be effective in regions where the drugs chloroquine, halofantrine, mefloquine, and amodiaquine may have unacceptable failure rates, presumably due to drug resistance.

Launch Date

2000
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
39 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
(4-CHLOROPHENYL)BIGUANIDE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
10 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
(4-CHLOROPHENYL)BIGUANIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
980 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PROGUANIL blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
170 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PROGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
190 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329294/
200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
PROGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
209 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329294/
200 mg single, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PROGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
50 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CYCLOGUANIL blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
41 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CYCLOGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
883 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
(4-CHLOROPHENYL)BIGUANIDE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
249 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
(4-CHLOROPHENYL)BIGUANIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
14070 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PROGUANIL blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
2975 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PROGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
141 μg × min/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329294/
200 mg single, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CYCLOGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
834 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CYCLOGUANIL blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
190 μg × min/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329294/
200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
CYCLOGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
661 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CYCLOGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
15.7 h
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PROGUANIL blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
16.1 h
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3440097/
3.5 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 3.5 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PROGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
21 h
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329294/
200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
PROGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
18 h
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329294/
200 mg single, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PROGUANIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
100 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 2 times / day
Co-administed with::
chloroquine(155 mg; oral; 2/week)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
healthy, 13–74
n = 511
Health Status: healthy
Condition: malaria prophylaxis
Age Group: 13–74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 511
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
Disc. AE: Abdominal pain, Diarrhea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Abdominal pain (0.98%)
Diarrhea (0.78%)
Nausea (1.17%)
Vomiting (0.39%)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
atovaquone(250 mg oral; 1/day)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10363739
Page: p.745
healthy, 16 - 65
n = 175
Health Status: healthy
Condition: malaria prophylaxis
Age Group: 16 - 65
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 175
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10363739
Page: p.745
Disc. AE: Headache...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Headache (1.14%)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10363739
Page: p.745
150 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
chloroquine(77.5-310 mg; oral; 1/week)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15227617
Page: p.1720
healthy, 3–16
n = 111
Health Status: healthy
Condition: malaria prophylaxis
Age Group: 3–16
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 111
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15227617
Page: p.1720
Disc. AE: Abdominal pain, Nausea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Abdominal pain (grade 1-2, 1.8%)
Nausea (grade 1-3, 1.8%)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15227617
Page: p.1720
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Overdose
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: P. falciparum malaria
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
Other AEs: Hair loss, Skin scaly...
Other AEs:
Hair loss
Skin scaly
Scales
Aphthous ulcer
Hematologic disorder
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Overdose
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: P. falciparum malaria
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
Other AEs: Epigastric discomfort, Vomiting...
Other AEs:
Epigastric discomfort
Vomiting
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Vomiting 0.39%
Disc. AE
100 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 2 times / day
Co-administed with::
chloroquine(155 mg; oral; 2/week)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
healthy, 13–74
n = 511
Health Status: healthy
Condition: malaria prophylaxis
Age Group: 13–74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 511
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
Diarrhea 0.78%
Disc. AE
100 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 2 times / day
Co-administed with::
chloroquine(155 mg; oral; 2/week)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
healthy, 13–74
n = 511
Health Status: healthy
Condition: malaria prophylaxis
Age Group: 13–74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 511
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
Abdominal pain 0.98%
Disc. AE
100 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 2 times / day
Co-administed with::
chloroquine(155 mg; oral; 2/week)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
healthy, 13–74
n = 511
Health Status: healthy
Condition: malaria prophylaxis
Age Group: 13–74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 511
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
Nausea 1.17%
Disc. AE
100 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 2 times / day
Co-administed with::
chloroquine(155 mg; oral; 2/week)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
healthy, 13–74
n = 511
Health Status: healthy
Condition: malaria prophylaxis
Age Group: 13–74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 511
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130385
Page: p.1891
Headache 1.14%
Disc. AE
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
atovaquone(250 mg oral; 1/day)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10363739
Page: p.745
healthy, 16 - 65
n = 175
Health Status: healthy
Condition: malaria prophylaxis
Age Group: 16 - 65
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 175
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10363739
Page: p.745
Abdominal pain grade 1-2, 1.8%
Disc. AE
150 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
chloroquine(77.5-310 mg; oral; 1/week)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15227617
Page: p.1720
healthy, 3–16
n = 111
Health Status: healthy
Condition: malaria prophylaxis
Age Group: 3–16
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 111
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15227617
Page: p.1720
Nausea grade 1-3, 1.8%
Disc. AE
150 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
chloroquine(77.5-310 mg; oral; 1/week)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15227617
Page: p.1720
healthy, 3–16
n = 111
Health Status: healthy
Condition: malaria prophylaxis
Age Group: 3–16
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 111
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15227617
Page: p.1720
Aphthous ulcer
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Overdose
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: P. falciparum malaria
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
Hair loss
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Overdose
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: P. falciparum malaria
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
Hematologic disorder
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Overdose
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: P. falciparum malaria
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
Scales
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Overdose
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: P. falciparum malaria
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
Skin scaly
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Overdose
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: P. falciparum malaria
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
Epigastric discomfort
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Overdose
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: P. falciparum malaria
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
Vomiting
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Overdose
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: P. falciparum malaria
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021078s016lbl.pdf
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG
substrate
1737
substrate
1037
inhibitor
1852

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer
CYP1A2
1054

CYP2E1
667

CYP2C19
991
Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
CYP2D6
1891
 yes [Ki 6.76 uM]
Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
CYP2C19
991
 major
CYP2E1
667
 no
CYP1A2
1054
 yes
CYP2C9
1037
 yes
CYP3A4
1737
 yes
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
ChEBI
CHEBI:8455
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:8455
ChemicalBook
CB7455742
https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB7455742
MolPort
MolPort-027-720-649
https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-027-720-649
ZINC
ZINC000095452610
http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000095452610
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
In vitro cultivation of Cryptosporidium parvum and screening for anticryptosporidial drugs.
1990 Aug
Seizures after antimalarial medication in previously healthy persons.
2000 May-Jun
Application of higher throughput screening (HTS) inhibition assays to evaluate the interaction of antiparasitic drugs with cytochrome P450s.
2001 Jan
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods.
2005 Jun
Acute hepatitis and atovaquone/proguanil.
2005 Sep-Oct
Patents

Patents

JP2000516204A
66
JP2001500477A
122
JP2002520419A
58
JP2002526510A
46
JP2002541196A
4
JP2006503898A
44
JP2011506398A
20
JP2011524365A
34
JP3768231B2
4
JP4763957B2
87
JP4787165B2
101

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
The daily dose should be taken at the same time each day with food or a milky drink. In the event of vomiting within 1 hour after dosing, a repeat dose should be taken. Prevention of Malaria: start prophylactic treatment with MALARONE (atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride) 1 or 2 days before entering a malaria-endemic area and continue daily during the stay and for 7 days after return. Adults: One MALARONE Tablet (adult strength = 250 mg atovaquone/100 mg proguanil hydrochloride) per day. Pediatric Patients: The dosage for prevention of malaria in pediatric patients is based upon body weight. Treatment of Acute Malaria Adults: four malarone tablets (adult strength; total daily dose 1 g atovaquone/400 mg proguanil hydrochloride) as a single daily dose for 3 consecutive days. Pediatric Patients: The dosage for treatment of acute malaria in pediatric patients is based upon body weight.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Curator's Comment: The in vitro effect of proguanil and its active metabolite cycloguanil on proliferating human blood mononuclear cells was studied. Proguanil had no effect on 14C-thymidine incorporation or on the number of cells. Cycloguanil, in concentrations corresponding to the plasma levels found in clinical practice, blocked the endogenous synthesis of thymidine and decreased the number of mitogen- and antigen-stimulated cells.
Unknown
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
Record UNII
S61K3P7B2V
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
PROGUANIL
INN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN  
Official Name English
Proguanil [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
proguanil [INN]
Common Name English
CHLOROGUANIDE
Common Name English
PROGUANIL [VANDF]
Common Name English
IMIDODICARBONIMIDIC DIAMIDE, N-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-N'-(1-METHYLETHYL)-
Systematic Name English
CHLORGUANIDE
MI  
Common Name English
CHLORGUANIDE [MI]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C271
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000000191
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000175482
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
LIVERTOX NBK548239
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC P01BB01
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C2153
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST 6.5.3.2
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC P01BB51
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000000191
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
MERCK INDEX
m3361
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
WIKIPEDIA
PROGUANIL
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB01131
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
8455
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000081142
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB10079MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
2282
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
4923
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
2382
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
DAILYMED
S61K3P7B2V
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
INN
418
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
500-92-5
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
D002727
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C61907
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
S61K3P7B2V
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1377
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
207-915-6
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID3022794
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:45 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
Structure of PROGUANIL ACETATE
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
Structure of PROGUANIL HYDROCHLORIDE
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
CYTOCHROME P450 2C19
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
Structure of PROGUANIL SULFATE
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
Related Record Type Details
Structure of (4-CHLOROPHENYL)BIGUANIDE
METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT
MAJOR
PLASMA
Structure of CYCLOGUANIL
METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PRODRUG
MAJOR
PLASMA
NIH
NCATS
PRIVACY ACT
ACCESSIBILITY
DISCLAIMER
HHS VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE
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