Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C17H21NO4 |
Molecular Weight | 303.3529 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CN1[C@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]3O[C@@H]23)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4
InChI
InChIKey=STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N
InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-13-7-11(8-14(18)16-15(13)22-16)21-17(20)12(9-19)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6,11-16,19H,7-9H2,1H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15-,16+/m1/s1
Molecular Formula | C17H21NO4 |
Molecular Weight | 303.3529 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
The alkaloid L-(-)-scopolamine [L-(-)-hyoscine], a belladonna alkaloid, competitively inhibits muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine and acts as a nonselective muscarinic antagonist, producing both peripheral antimuscarinic properties and central sedative, antiemetic, and amnestic effects. Scopolamine acts: i) as a competitive inhibitor at postganglionic muscarinic receptor sites of the parasympathetic nervous system, and ii) on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. It has been suggested that scopolamine acts in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking cholinergic transmission from the vestibular nuclei to higher centers in the CNS and from the reticular formation to the vomiting center. Scopolamine can inhibit the secretion of saliva and sweat, decrease gastrointestinal secretions and motility, cause drowsiness, dilate the pupils, increase heart rate, and depress motor function. Scopolamine is used for premedication in anesthesia and for the prevention of nausea and vomiting (post operative and associated with motion sickness).
Originator
Sources: A. Ladenburg, Ann. 206, 274 (1881); E. Schmidt, Arch. Pharm. 230, 207 (1892).
Curator's Comment: Scopolamine is an anticholinergic, tropane alkaloid isolated from Datura metel L., Scopola carniolica Jacq. and other Solanaceae. Constituent of impure duboisine from Duboisia myoporoides R. Br., pure duboisine is l-hyoscyamine, q.v. reference retrieved from http://www.drugfuture.com/chemdata/scopolamine.html
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094132 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27108935 |
2.09 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094109 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Preventing | TRANSDERM SCOP Approved UseTransderm Scōp is an anticholinergic agent indicated in adults for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with:
Motion Sickness and Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Launch Date1979 |
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Preventing | TRANSDERM SCOP Approved UseTransderm Scōp is an anticholinergic agent indicated in adults for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with:
Motion Sickness and Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Launch Date1979 |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
5 ng/mL |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
369 ng × min/mL |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2.1 ng × h/mL |
1 mg single, topical dose: 1 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
68.7 min |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
9.5 h |
1 mg single, topical dose: 1 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
70% |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Other AEs: Dizziness, Lightheadedness... Other AEs: Dizziness (3 patients) Sources: Lightheadedness (3 patients) Nasal burning (1 patient) |
0.9 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 21.4 years |
Other AEs: Blurred vision, Dizziness... |
6 ug/kg single, intravenous Dose: 6 ug/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 6 ug/kg Sources: |
healthy, 22.8 years |
|
1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Sources: |
Other AEs: Dizziness, Dry mouth... Other AEs: Dizziness (4 patients) Sources: Dry mouth (3 patients) Blurred vision (4 patients) |
10 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 83 years |
Other AEs: Consciousness abnormal, Hyperthermia... Other AEs: Consciousness abnormal (1 patient) Sources: Hyperthermia (1 patient) |
0.5 mg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg Sources: |
healthy, adult |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Nasal burning | 1 patient | 0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Dizziness | 3 patients | 0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Lightheadedness | 3 patients | 0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Blurred vision | 0.9 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 21.4 years |
|
Dizziness | 0.9 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 21.4 years |
|
Dry mouth | 3 patients | 1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Sources: |
Blurred vision | 4 patients | 1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Sources: |
Dizziness | 4 patients | 1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Sources: |
Consciousness abnormal | 1 patient | 10 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 83 years |
Hyperthermia | 1 patient | 10 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 83 years |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 119.2 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 217.9 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 540.8 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 6.7 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 699.9 uM] |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: The AUC0–24h values of scopolamine were higher during the grapefruit juice period. They reached approximately 142% of the values associated with the control group (water period; P . 0.005) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16175141/ |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Scopolamine-induced convulsions in food given fasted mice: effects of clonidine and tizanidine. | 1999 Jun |
|
A novel nitrate ester reverses the cognitive impairment caused by scopolamine in the Morris water maze. | 2000 Nov 27 |
|
Probing peripheral and central cholinergic system responses. | 2000 Sep |
|
Scopolamine does not restore normal conditioned avoidance performance in raclopride-treated rats. | 2001 |
|
Intrastriatal GABA(A) receptor blockade does not alter dopamine D(1)/D(2) receptor interactions in the intact rat striatum. | 2001 |
|
Muscarinic cholinergic and glutamatergic reciprocal regulation of expression of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide precursor protein gene in rat hippocampus. | 2001 |
|
Effects of MDL 73005 on water-maze performances and locomotor activity in scopolamine-treated rats. | 2001 Apr |
|
Infralimbic muscarinic M1 receptors modulate anxiety-like behaviour and spontaneous working memory in mice. | 2001 Apr |
|
Decreased scopolamine yield in field-grown Duboisia plants regenerated from hairy roots. | 2001 Apr |
|
Auditory sensory memory and the cholinergic system: implications for Alzheimer's disease. | 2001 Aug |
|
Comparative studies on the memory-enhancing actions of captopril and losartan in mice using inhibitory shock avoidance paradigm. | 2001 Feb |
|
Evaluation of novel PET ligands (+)N-[11C]methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate ([11C](+)3-MPB) and its stereoisomer [11C](-)3-MPB for muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the conscious monkey brain: a PET study in comparison with. | 2001 Feb |
|
Inhaled anticholinergic therapy: applied pharmacology and interesting developments. | 2001 Jan |
|
Designing of an orally active complement C3a agonist peptide with anti-analgesic and anti-amnesic activity. | 2001 Jan |
|
Scopolamine bioavailability in combined oral and transdermal delivery. | 2001 Jan |
|
Occurrence of cadaverine in hairy roots of Brugmansia candida. | 2001 Jul |
|
Anti-ischemic and cognition-enhancing properties of NNC-711, a gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake inhibitor. | 2001 Jul 13 |
|
Evidence for involvement of central 5-HT(4) receptors in cholinergic function associated with cognitive processes: behavioral, electrophysiological, and neurochemical studies. | 2001 Mar |
|
Long-term potentiation in hippocampus of rats is enhanced by endogenous acetylcholine in a way that is independent of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. | 2001 Mar 16 |
|
Subchronic administration of various pretreatments of nerve agent poisoning. II. Compared efficacy against soman toxicity. | 2001 May |
|
The role of nitric oxide on the relaxations of rabbit corpus cavernosum induced by Androctonus australis and Buthotus judaicus scorpion venoms. | 2001 May |
Sample Use Guides
Transderm Scōp (scopolamine) transdermal system patch. Each Transderm Scōp patch is formulated to deliver in-vivo approximately 1 mg of scopolamine over 3 days.
Initiation of Therapy
Motion Sickness
To prevent the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness, one Transderm Scōp patch (formulated to deliver approximately 1 mg of scopolamine over 3 days) should be applied to the hairless area behind one ear at least 4 hours before the antiemetic effect is required.
Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
To prevent post operative nausea and vomiting, one Transderm Scōp patch should be applied the evening before scheduled surgery, except for caesarian section.
For caesarian section surgery, to minimize exposure of the newborn baby to the drug, apply the patch one hour
prior to caesarian section.
Continuation of Therapy
Should the patch become displaced, it should be discarded, and a fresh one placed on the hairless area behind the other ear.
Motion Sickness
If therapy is required for longer than 3 days, the first patch should be removed and a fresh one placed on the hairless area behind the other ear.
Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
For perioperative use, the patch should be kept in place for 24 hours following surgery at which time it should be removed and discarded.
Route of Administration:
Transdermal
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27163641
Rosmarinic acid treatment increases the expression of BDNF and GluR-2 proteins and prevents cell death of scopolamine-exposed (300 μM) organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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on
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Record UNII |
DL48G20X8X
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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A04AD51
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A04AD01
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WHO-ATC |
N05CM05
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CFR |
21 CFR 310.533
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WHO-VATC |
QA04AD51
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NDF-RT |
N0000175574
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N0000175370
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S01FA02
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S01BB01
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875
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QS01FA02
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QN05CM05
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29704
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QA04AD01
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29706
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DL48G20X8X
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Scopolamine
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SUB14152MIG
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SCOPOLAMINE
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CHEMBL1187846
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DB00747
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m9813
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PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
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9601
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51-34-3
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4074
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100000092042
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT |
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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PRODRUG -> METABOLITE ACTIVE | |||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
URINE
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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PARENT -> IMPURITY |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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PARENT -> IMPURITY |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
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PARENT -> IMPURITY |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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