Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C21H27NO5 |
Molecular Weight | 373.4428 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[H][C@@]12O[C@]1([H])[C@H]3C[C@H](C[C@@H]2N3C)OC(=O)[C@H](COC(=O)CCC)C4=CC=CC=C4
InChI
InChIKey=XYACSNDCQGUNGZ-OXAWTZHMSA-N
InChI=1S/C21H27NO5/c1-3-7-18(23)25-12-15(13-8-5-4-6-9-13)21(24)26-14-10-16-19-20(27-19)17(11-14)22(16)2/h4-6,8-9,14-17,19-20H,3,7,10-12H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17+,19-,20+/m1/s1
Molecular Formula | C21H27NO5 |
Molecular Weight | 373.4428 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
The alkaloid L-(-)-scopolamine [L-(-)-hyoscine], a belladonna alkaloid, competitively inhibits muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine and acts as a nonselective muscarinic antagonist, producing both peripheral antimuscarinic properties and central sedative, antiemetic, and amnestic effects. Scopolamine acts: i) as a competitive inhibitor at postganglionic muscarinic receptor sites of the parasympathetic nervous system, and ii) on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. It has been suggested that scopolamine acts in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking cholinergic transmission from the vestibular nuclei to higher centers in the CNS and from the reticular formation to the vomiting center. Scopolamine can inhibit the secretion of saliva and sweat, decrease gastrointestinal secretions and motility, cause drowsiness, dilate the pupils, increase heart rate, and depress motor function. Scopolamine is used for premedication in anesthesia and for the prevention of nausea and vomiting (post operative and associated with motion sickness).
Originator
Sources: A. Ladenburg, Ann. 206, 274 (1881); E. Schmidt, Arch. Pharm. 230, 207 (1892).
Curator's Comment: Scopolamine is an anticholinergic, tropane alkaloid isolated from Datura metel L., Scopola carniolica Jacq. and other Solanaceae. Constituent of impure duboisine from Duboisia myoporoides R. Br., pure duboisine is l-hyoscyamine, q.v. reference retrieved from http://www.drugfuture.com/chemdata/scopolamine.html
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094132 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27108935 |
2.09 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094109 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Preventing | TRANSDERM SCOP Approved UseTransderm Scōp is an anticholinergic agent indicated in adults for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with:
Motion Sickness and Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Launch Date3.15446395E11 |
|||
Preventing | TRANSDERM SCOP Approved UseTransderm Scōp is an anticholinergic agent indicated in adults for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with:
Motion Sickness and Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Launch Date3.15446395E11 |
|||
Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
5 ng/mL |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.1 ng × h/mL |
1 mg single, topical dose: 1 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
369 ng × min/mL |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
9.5 h |
1 mg single, topical dose: 1 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
68.7 min |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
70% |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years n = 12 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 12 Sources: |
Other AEs: Dizziness, Lightheadedness... Other AEs: Dizziness (3 patients) Sources: Lightheadedness (3 patients) Nasal burning (1 patient) |
0.9 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 21.4 years n = 35 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21.4 years Sex: M Population Size: 35 Sources: |
Other AEs: Blurred vision, Dizziness... |
6 ug/kg single, intravenous Dose: 6 ug/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 6 ug/kg Sources: |
healthy, 22.8 years n = 9 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 22.8 years Sex: M Population Size: 9 Sources: |
|
1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) n = 12 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Population Size: 12 Sources: |
Other AEs: Dizziness, Dry mouth... Other AEs: Dizziness (4 patients) Sources: Dry mouth (3 patients) Blurred vision (4 patients) |
10 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 83 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 83 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Consciousness abnormal, Hyperthermia... Other AEs: Consciousness abnormal (1 patient) Sources: Hyperthermia (1 patient) |
0.5 mg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg Sources: |
healthy, adult n = 6 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 6 Sources: |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Nasal burning | 1 patient | 0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years n = 12 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 12 Sources: |
Dizziness | 3 patients | 0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years n = 12 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 12 Sources: |
Lightheadedness | 3 patients | 0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years n = 12 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 12 Sources: |
Blurred vision | 0.9 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 21.4 years n = 35 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21.4 years Sex: M Population Size: 35 Sources: |
|
Dizziness | 0.9 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 21.4 years n = 35 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21.4 years Sex: M Population Size: 35 Sources: |
|
Dry mouth | 3 patients | 1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) n = 12 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Population Size: 12 Sources: |
Blurred vision | 4 patients | 1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) n = 12 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Population Size: 12 Sources: |
Dizziness | 4 patients | 1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) n = 12 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Population Size: 12 Sources: |
Consciousness abnormal | 1 patient | 10 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 83 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 83 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Hyperthermia | 1 patient | 10 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 83 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 83 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 119.2 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 217.9 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 540.8 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 6.7 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 699.9 uM] |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: The AUC0–24h values of scopolamine were higher during the grapefruit juice period. They reached approximately 142% of the values associated with the control group (water period; P . 0.005) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16175141/ |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Catalepsy induced by morphine or haloperidol: effects of apomorphine and anticholinergic drugs. | 1976 Aug |
|
Behavioral studies of the effects of moderate oligemic hypoxia caused by bilateral clamping of carotid arteries in mice. Impairment of spatial working memory. | 1998 Jul-Oct |
|
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ and nocistatin on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice. | 1999 Jun |
|
Scopolamine-induced convulsions in food given fasted mice: effects of clonidine and tizanidine. | 1999 Jun |
|
S 15535, a benzodioxopiperazine acting as presynaptic agonist and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, prevents the impairment of spatial learning caused by intrahippocampal scopolamine. | 1999 Nov |
|
Effects of histamine H3 receptor agonists and antagonists on cognitive performance and scopolamine-induced amnesia. | 1999 Oct |
|
Glucose plus choline improve passive avoidance behaviour and increase hippocampal acetylcholine release in mice. | 2001 |
|
Muscarinic cholinergic and glutamatergic reciprocal regulation of expression of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide precursor protein gene in rat hippocampus. | 2001 |
|
The anti-amnesic effects of sigma1 (sigma1) receptor agonists confirmed by in vivo antisense strategy in the mouse. | 2001 Apr 13 |
|
Ultrasonic vocalizations as an index of social memory in female mice. | 2001 Aug |
|
Auditory sensory memory and the cholinergic system: implications for Alzheimer's disease. | 2001 Aug |
|
Comparative studies on the memory-enhancing actions of captopril and losartan in mice using inhibitory shock avoidance paradigm. | 2001 Feb |
|
Neural mechanisms of motion sickness. | 2001 Feb |
|
Long-lasting cholinergic modulation underlies rule learning in rats. | 2001 Feb 15 |
|
Sexual diergism in rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to cholinergic stimulation and antagonism. | 2001 Jan 1 |
|
Determination of scopolamine in human serum and microdialysis samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
Effects of the 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist Ro 04-6790 on learning consolidation. | 2001 Jan 8 |
|
The effects of scopolamine on the spatial organization of cortical potentials in the rat brain. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) on passive avoidance in the rat: evaluation of potential neurochemical mechanisms underlying its antidepressant activity. | 2001 Jul |
|
Hairy roots of Brugmansia candida that grow without agitation: biotechnological implications. | 2001 Jul-Aug |
|
Drug-induced variations in the probability of occurrence of multiple corrective saccades. | 2001 Jun |
|
The alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonists RX 821002 and yohimbine delay-dependently impair choice accuracy in a delayed non-matching-to-position task in rats. | 2001 Jun |
|
Dose- and time-dependent scopolamine-induced recovery of an inhibitory avoidance response after its extinction in rats. | 2001 Jun |
|
Central and peripheral activity of cholinesterase inhibitors as revealed by yawning and fasciculation in rats. | 2001 Mar |
|
Memory impairment induced by cholinergic antagonists injected into the mushroom bodies of the honeybee. | 2001 May |
|
Scopolamine nasal spray in motion sickness: a randomised, controlled, and crossover study for the comparison of two scopolamine nasal sprays with oral dimenhydrinate and placebo. | 2001 May |
|
Antihyperalgesic effects of the muscarinic receptor ligand vedaclidine in models involving central sensitization in rats. | 2001 Sep |
|
Pharmacological modulation of behavioral and neuronal correlates of repetition priming. | 2001 Sep 1 |
Sample Use Guides
Transderm Scōp (scopolamine) transdermal system patch. Each Transderm Scōp patch is formulated to deliver in-vivo approximately 1 mg of scopolamine over 3 days.
Initiation of Therapy
Motion Sickness
To prevent the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness, one Transderm Scōp patch (formulated to deliver approximately 1 mg of scopolamine over 3 days) should be applied to the hairless area behind one ear at least 4 hours before the antiemetic effect is required.
Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
To prevent post operative nausea and vomiting, one Transderm Scōp patch should be applied the evening before scheduled surgery, except for caesarian section.
For caesarian section surgery, to minimize exposure of the newborn baby to the drug, apply the patch one hour
prior to caesarian section.
Continuation of Therapy
Should the patch become displaced, it should be discarded, and a fresh one placed on the hairless area behind the other ear.
Motion Sickness
If therapy is required for longer than 3 days, the first patch should be removed and a fresh one placed on the hairless area behind the other ear.
Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
For perioperative use, the patch should be kept in place for 24 hours following surgery at which time it should be removed and discarded.
Route of Administration:
Transdermal
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27163641
Rosmarinic acid treatment increases the expression of BDNF and GluR-2 proteins and prevents cell death of scopolamine-exposed (300 μM) organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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admin
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Edited
Sat Dec 16 01:27:06 UTC 2023
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Record UNII |
HO322TV6PV
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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