Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C21H27NO5 |
Molecular Weight | 373.4428 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3O[C@@H]3[C@@H](C1)N2C)C4=CC=CC=C4
InChI
InChIKey=XYACSNDCQGUNGZ-OXAWTZHMSA-N
InChI=1S/C21H27NO5/c1-3-7-18(23)25-12-15(13-8-5-4-6-9-13)21(24)26-14-10-16-19-20(27-19)17(11-14)22(16)2/h4-6,8-9,14-17,19-20H,3,7,10-12H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17+,19-,20+/m1/s1
Molecular Formula | C21H27NO5 |
Molecular Weight | 373.4428 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
The alkaloid L-(-)-scopolamine [L-(-)-hyoscine], a belladonna alkaloid, competitively inhibits muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine and acts as a nonselective muscarinic antagonist, producing both peripheral antimuscarinic properties and central sedative, antiemetic, and amnestic effects. Scopolamine acts: i) as a competitive inhibitor at postganglionic muscarinic receptor sites of the parasympathetic nervous system, and ii) on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. It has been suggested that scopolamine acts in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking cholinergic transmission from the vestibular nuclei to higher centers in the CNS and from the reticular formation to the vomiting center. Scopolamine can inhibit the secretion of saliva and sweat, decrease gastrointestinal secretions and motility, cause drowsiness, dilate the pupils, increase heart rate, and depress motor function. Scopolamine is used for premedication in anesthesia and for the prevention of nausea and vomiting (post operative and associated with motion sickness).
Originator
Sources: A. Ladenburg, Ann. 206, 274 (1881); E. Schmidt, Arch. Pharm. 230, 207 (1892).
Curator's Comment: Scopolamine is an anticholinergic, tropane alkaloid isolated from Datura metel L., Scopola carniolica Jacq. and other Solanaceae. Constituent of impure duboisine from Duboisia myoporoides R. Br., pure duboisine is l-hyoscyamine, q.v. reference retrieved from http://www.drugfuture.com/chemdata/scopolamine.html
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094132 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27108935 |
2.09 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094109 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Preventing | TRANSDERM SCOP Approved UseTransderm Scōp is an anticholinergic agent indicated in adults for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with:
Motion Sickness and Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Launch Date1979 |
|||
Preventing | TRANSDERM SCOP Approved UseTransderm Scōp is an anticholinergic agent indicated in adults for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with:
Motion Sickness and Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Launch Date1979 |
|||
Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
5 ng/mL |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
369 ng × min/mL |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2.1 ng × h/mL |
1 mg single, topical dose: 1 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
68.7 min |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
9.5 h |
1 mg single, topical dose: 1 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
70% |
0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
SCOPOLAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Other AEs: Dizziness, Lightheadedness... Other AEs: Dizziness (3 patients) Sources: Lightheadedness (3 patients) Nasal burning (1 patient) |
0.9 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 21.4 years |
Other AEs: Blurred vision, Dizziness... |
6 ug/kg single, intravenous Dose: 6 ug/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 6 ug/kg Sources: |
healthy, 22.8 years |
|
1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Sources: |
Other AEs: Dizziness, Dry mouth... Other AEs: Dizziness (4 patients) Sources: Dry mouth (3 patients) Blurred vision (4 patients) |
10 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 83 years |
Other AEs: Consciousness abnormal, Hyperthermia... Other AEs: Consciousness abnormal (1 patient) Sources: Hyperthermia (1 patient) |
0.5 mg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg Sources: |
healthy, adult |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Nasal burning | 1 patient | 0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Dizziness | 3 patients | 0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Lightheadedness | 3 patients | 0.4 mg single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 0.4 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.4 mg Sources: |
healthy, 21 - 47 years Health Status: healthy Age Group: 21 - 47 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Blurred vision | 0.9 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 21.4 years |
|
Dizziness | 0.9 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.9 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 21.4 years |
|
Dry mouth | 3 patients | 1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Sources: |
Blurred vision | 4 patients | 1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Sources: |
Dizziness | 4 patients | 1.2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Health Status: healthy Age Group: 24 years (range: 19-38 years) Sex: M Sources: |
Consciousness abnormal | 1 patient | 10 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 83 years |
Hyperthermia | 1 patient | 10 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 83 years |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 119.2 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 217.9 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 540.8 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 6.7 uM] | |||
Page: 21.0 |
yes [IC50 699.9 uM] |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: The AUC0–24h values of scopolamine were higher during the grapefruit juice period. They reached approximately 142% of the values associated with the control group (water period; P . 0.005) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16175141/ |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Catalepsy induced by morphine or haloperidol: effects of apomorphine and anticholinergic drugs. | 1976 Aug |
|
Effects of physostigmine, scopolamine, and mecamylamine on the sleeping time induced by ketamine in the rat. | 1979 Mar 14 |
|
Behavioral studies of the effects of moderate oligemic hypoxia caused by bilateral clamping of carotid arteries in mice. Impairment of spatial working memory. | 1998 Jul-Oct |
|
Korean red ginseng saponins with low ratios of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol saponin improve scopolamine-induced learning disability and spatial working memory in mice. | 1999 Aug |
|
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ and nocistatin on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice. | 1999 Jun |
|
Scopolamine-induced convulsions in food given fasted mice: effects of clonidine and tizanidine. | 1999 Jun |
|
American ginseng extract reduces scopolamine-induced amnesia in a spatial learning task. | 1999 Nov |
|
S 15535, a benzodioxopiperazine acting as presynaptic agonist and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, prevents the impairment of spatial learning caused by intrahippocampal scopolamine. | 1999 Nov |
|
The ameliorating effects of the cognitive-enhancing Chinese herbs on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. | 2000 Aug |
|
Serial position effect and selective amnesia induced by scopolamine in mice. | 2000 Feb |
|
Dehydroevodiamine.HCl prevents impairment of learning and memory and neuronal loss in rat models of cognitive disturbance. | 2000 Jan |
|
Intra-medial prefrontal cortex injections of scopolamine increase instrumental responses for cocaine: an intravenous self-administration study in rats. | 2000 Jan 15 |
|
Antiamnesic effect of metoprine and of selective histamine H(1) receptor agonists in a modified mouse passive avoidance test. | 2000 Jul 7 |
|
Probing peripheral and central cholinergic system responses. | 2000 Sep |
|
Muscarinic cholinergic and glutamatergic reciprocal regulation of expression of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide precursor protein gene in rat hippocampus. | 2001 |
|
Effects of MDL 73005 on water-maze performances and locomotor activity in scopolamine-treated rats. | 2001 Apr |
|
Decreased scopolamine yield in field-grown Duboisia plants regenerated from hairy roots. | 2001 Apr |
|
The anti-amnesic effects of sigma1 (sigma1) receptor agonists confirmed by in vivo antisense strategy in the mouse. | 2001 Apr 13 |
|
Pentyl-4-yn-valproic acid enhances both spatial and avoidance learning, and attenuates age-related NCAM-mediated neuroplastic decline within the rat medial temporal lobe. | 2001 Aug |
|
Ultrasonic vocalizations as an index of social memory in female mice. | 2001 Aug |
|
Inhaled anticholinergic therapy: applied pharmacology and interesting developments. | 2001 Jan |
|
Enterostatin (VPDPR) has anti-analgesic and anti-amnesic activities. | 2001 Jan |
|
[Frey syndrome]. | 2001 Jan |
|
Sexual diergism in rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to cholinergic stimulation and antagonism. | 2001 Jan 1 |
|
Effects of the 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist Ro 04-6790 on learning consolidation. | 2001 Jan 8 |
|
Developmental exposure to methylmercury alters behavioral sensitivity to D-amphetamine and pentobarbital in adult rats. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
The effects of scopolamine on the spatial organization of cortical potentials in the rat brain. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) on passive avoidance in the rat: evaluation of potential neurochemical mechanisms underlying its antidepressant activity. | 2001 Jul |
|
The alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonists RX 821002 and yohimbine delay-dependently impair choice accuracy in a delayed non-matching-to-position task in rats. | 2001 Jun |
|
Morphological and functional in vitro and in vivo characterization of the mouse corpus cavernosum. | 2001 Mar |
|
Scopolamine reduces the P35m and P60m deflections of the human somatosensory evoked magnetic fields. | 2001 Mar 5 |
|
Memory impairment induced by cholinergic antagonists injected into the mushroom bodies of the honeybee. | 2001 May |
|
Pharmacological properties of (2R)-N-[1-(6-aminopyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-2-[(1R)-3,3-difluorocyclopentyl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamide: a novel mucarinic antagonist with M(2)-sparing antagonistic activity. | 2001 May |
|
Intrahippocampal scopolamine impairs both acquisition and consolidation of contextual fear conditioning. | 2001 May |
|
The role of nitric oxide on the relaxations of rabbit corpus cavernosum induced by Androctonus australis and Buthotus judaicus scorpion venoms. | 2001 May |
|
Excitatory nicotinic and desensitizing muscarinic (M2) effects on C-nociceptors in isolated rat skin. | 2001 May 1 |
|
Release of non-neuronal acetylcholine from the human placenta: difference to neuronal acetylcholine. | 2001 Sep |
Sample Use Guides
Transderm Scōp (scopolamine) transdermal system patch. Each Transderm Scōp patch is formulated to deliver in-vivo approximately 1 mg of scopolamine over 3 days.
Initiation of Therapy
Motion Sickness
To prevent the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness, one Transderm Scōp patch (formulated to deliver approximately 1 mg of scopolamine over 3 days) should be applied to the hairless area behind one ear at least 4 hours before the antiemetic effect is required.
Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
To prevent post operative nausea and vomiting, one Transderm Scōp patch should be applied the evening before scheduled surgery, except for caesarian section.
For caesarian section surgery, to minimize exposure of the newborn baby to the drug, apply the patch one hour
prior to caesarian section.
Continuation of Therapy
Should the patch become displaced, it should be discarded, and a fresh one placed on the hairless area behind the other ear.
Motion Sickness
If therapy is required for longer than 3 days, the first patch should be removed and a fresh one placed on the hairless area behind the other ear.
Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
For perioperative use, the patch should be kept in place for 24 hours following surgery at which time it should be removed and discarded.
Route of Administration:
Transdermal
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27163641
Rosmarinic acid treatment increases the expression of BDNF and GluR-2 proteins and prevents cell death of scopolamine-exposed (300 μM) organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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