Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C7H7N4O2.C6H11O7.Ca |
| Molecular Weight | 414.381 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[Ca++].CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)[N-]C(=O)N2C.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O
InChI
InChIKey=YUMGBTPDXDOEGH-PVBYDLIKSA-L
InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2.C6H12O7.Ca/c1-10-3-8-5-4(10)6(12)9-7(13)11(5)2;7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h3H,1-2H3,(H,9,12,13);2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2/t;2-,3-,4+,5-;/m.1./s1
| Molecular Formula | Ca |
| Molecular Weight | 40.078 |
| Charge | 2 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C6H10O7 |
| Molecular Weight | 194.1394 |
| Charge | -2 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Molecular Formula | C7H8N4O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 180.164 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
Theobromine is the primary alkaloid present in the cocoa and chocolate. Theobromine is found in the shells and beans of the cacao plant and it is extracted from the husks of the bean and used for the synthesis of caffeine. Theobromine is an adenosine A1 and A2a receptor antagonist. Thesodate is used as a vasodilator, a diuretic, and heart stimulant. And similar to caffeine, it may be useful in management of fatigue and orthostatic hypotension. The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by theobromine are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include anxiety, restlessness, tremors, sleeplessness, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite. Theobromine is currently not in use as a medicinal drug.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P30543 Gene ID: 25369.0 Gene Symbol: Adora2a Target Organism: Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
250.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL318 |
120.0 µM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: P05177 Gene ID: 1544.0 Gene Symbol: CYP1A2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
|||
Target ID: P05181 Gene ID: 1571.0 Gene Symbol: CYP2E1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Thesodate Approved UseTheobromine was used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. |
|||
| Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Thesodate Approved UseTheobromine used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
8.38 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27662634 |
4 mg/kg bw single, intravenous dose: 4 mg/kg bw route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THEOBROMINE plasma | Equus caballus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
92 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27662634 |
4 mg/kg bw single, intravenous dose: 4 mg/kg bw route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THEOBROMINE plasma | Equus caballus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
13351 mg × min/L EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729831 |
50 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 50 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THEOBROMINE plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
15.7 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27662634 |
4 mg/kg bw single, intravenous dose: 4 mg/kg bw route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THEOBROMINE plasma | Equus caballus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
4.23 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729831 |
50 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 50 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THEOBROMINE plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Funbound
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
88% EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729831 |
50 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 50 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THEOBROMINE plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Identification and quantification of drugs in human amniotic fluid. | 1975 Nov |
|
| Suppressive effect of coffee on lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in D-galactosamine-sensitized rats. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Adenosine A(1) receptors mediate plasma exudation from the oral mucosa. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Synergism between A(2A)-adenosine receptor activation and vasoactive intestinal peptide to facilitate [3H]-acetylcholine release from the rat motor nerve terminals. | 2001 Aug 24 |
|
| Minoxidil-induced hair growth is mediated by adenosine in cultured dermal papilla cells: possible involvement of sulfonylurea receptor 2B as a target of minoxidil. | 2001 Dec |
|
| Adenosine modulates Mg(2+) uptake in distal convoluted tubule cells via A(1) and A(2) purinoceptors. | 2001 Dec |
|
| [Cerebral infarction in a patient consuming MaHuang extract and guarana]. | 2001 Feb 3 |
|
| Effect of adenosine A1 and A2 receptor stimulation on hypoxia-induced convulsions in adult mice. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
| Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. | 2001 May |
|
| Caffeine-induced cardiac arrhythmia: an unrecognised danger of healthfood products. | 2001 May 21 |
|
| Effects of phenothiazine neuroleptics on the rate of caffeine demethylation and hydroxylation in the rat liver. | 2001 Nov-Dec |
|
| A TLC visualisation reagent for dimethylamphetamine and other abused tertiary amines. | 2001 Oct-Dec |
|
| Methotrexate suppresses NF-kappaB activation through inhibition of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation. | 2001 Sep 1 |
|
| Caffeine potentiates the discriminative-stimulus effects of nicotine in rats. | 2002 Aug |
|
| Group I aptazymes as genetic regulatory switches. | 2002 Dec 4 |
|
| Platinum complexes of oxopurines: cis-bis(theophyllinato-N7)bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) and cis-chloro(theobrominato-N1)bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) ethanol hemisolvate. | 2002 Feb |
|
| Simultaneous determination of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline by high-performance liquid chromatography. | 2002 Jan |
|
| Inhibition of vaccinia virus replication by adenosine in BSC-40 cells: involvement of A(2) receptor-mediated PKA activation. | 2002 Jul |
|
| Cacao usage by the earliest Maya civilization. | 2002 Jul 18 |
|
| High-performance capillary electrophoresis analysis of mate infusions prepared from stems and leaves of Ilex paraguariensis using automated micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. | 2002 Jul-Aug |
|
| Enhanced analysis of purine and pyrimidine bases by the use of double-strand polyaniline coatings in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. | 2002 Jun |
|
| Pharmacology of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine after single-dose dietary supplement use. | 2002 Jun |
|
| Synergistic up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in murine macrophages by adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists and endotoxin. | 2002 Jun |
|
| Selective solid-phase extraction sorbent for caffeine made by molecular imprinting. | 2002 Mar 1 |
|
| Glucan stimulates human dermal fibroblast collagen biosynthesis through a nuclear factor-1 dependent mechanism. | 2002 May-Jun |
|
| Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) promotes human osteoblast proliferation: a new proposal for bone tissue repair. | 2003 Aug 29 |
|
| Antagonism of adenosine receptors by caffeine and caffeine metabolites in equine forebrain tissues. | 2003 Feb |
|
| Isolation of a new dual-functional caffeine synthase gene encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 7-methylxanthine to caffeine from coffee (Coffea arabica L.). | 2003 Jan 16 |
|
| Endogenous adenosine prevents post-tetanic release facilitation mediated by alpha3beta2 nicotinic autoreceptors. | 2003 Mar 19 |
|
| Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of caffeine, theobromine and xanthine. | 2003 Sep |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
1 tablet (500 mg of theobromide sodium acetate) 3–4 times daily
Route of Administration:
Oral
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 17:46:52 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 17:46:52 GMT 2025
|
| Record UNII |
C8T5Q6L2DE
|
| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
|
| Record Version |
|
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10125-98-1
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NON-SPECIFIC STOICHIOMETRY | |||
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91826809
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C8T5Q6L2DE
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ACTIVE MOIETY |