Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C20H30O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 302.451 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 5 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N
InChI=1S/C20H30O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20(21)22/h3-4,6-7,9-10,12-13,15-16H,2,5,8,11,14,17-19H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/b4-3-,7-6-,10-9-,13-12-,16-15-
| Molecular Formula | C20H30O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 302.451 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 5 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00159Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2012/202057Orig1s000Lbl.pdf
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00159
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2012/202057Orig1s000Lbl.pdf
Icosapent is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families. EPA can be used for lowering elevated triglycerides in those who are hyperglyceridemic. In addition, EPA may play a therapeutic role in patients with cystic fibrosis by reducing disease severity and may play a similar role in type 2 diabetics in slowing the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: GO:0004144 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity |
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Target ID: GO:0004465 lipoprotein lipase activity |
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Target ID: GO:0006635 |
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Target ID: GO:0042161 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26945158 |
2.5 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: GO:0006927 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26295255 |
35.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL3979 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00159 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL3202 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16478242 |
247.5 µM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: Receptor-mediated non-selective cation current (Icat) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9105714 |
7.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL230 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00159 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL235 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00159 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Vascepa Approved UseIndicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce triglyceride (TG) levels in adult patients with severe (≥ 500 mg/dL) hypertriglyceridemia. Launch Date2012 |
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| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
347 μg/mL |
4 g 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
ICOSAPENT plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
6.519 μg × h/mL |
4 g 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
ICOSAPENT plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
89 h |
4 g 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
ICOSAPENT plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
Funbound
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1% |
4 g 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
ICOSAPENT plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Drug as victim
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Effect of omega-3 fatty acid oxidation products on the cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of BDE 47. | 2015-06 |
|
| Group VIA Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) Modulates Bcl-x 5'-Splice Site Selection and Suppresses Anti-apoptotic Bcl-x(L) in β-Cells. | 2015-04-24 |
|
| Fatty acids binding to human serum albumin: Changes of reactivity and glycation level of Cysteine-34 free thiol group with methylglyoxal. | 2014-12-05 |
|
| Fish oil and fenofibrate prevented phosphorylation-dependent hepatic sortilin 1 degradation in Western diet-fed mice. | 2014-08-08 |
|
| Astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids individually and in combination protect against oxidative stress via the Nrf2-ARE pathway. | 2013-12 |
|
| Effects of cannabinoids and related fatty acids upon the viability of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. | 2013-11 |
|
| Elevated blood pressure in cytochrome P4501A1 knockout mice is associated with reduced vasodilation to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. | 2012-11-01 |
|
| Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid inhibit macrophage-induced gastric cancer cell migration by attenuating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 10. | 2012-11 |
|
| Additive, antagonistic, and synergistic effects of procyanidins and polyunsaturated fatty acids over inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. | 2012-04 |
|
| A cardiac-specific robotized cellular assay identified families of human ligands as inducers of PGC-1α expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. | 2012 |
|
| Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (AMR101) therapy in patients with very high triglyceride levels (from the Multi-center, plAcebo-controlled, Randomized, double-blINd, 12-week study with an open-label Extension [MARINE] trial). | 2011-09-01 |
|
| Protective effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on genotoxicity and oxidative stress of cyclophosphamide in mice. | 2011-06 |
|
| Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces warfarin-induced arterial calcification in rats. | 2011-03 |
|
| Omega-3 fatty acid oxidation products prevent vascular endothelial cell activation by coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls. | 2011-02-15 |
|
| Eicosapentaenoic acid and rosiglitazone increase adiponectin in an additive and PPARγ-dependent manner in human adipocytes. | 2011-02 |
|
| Ethyl-eicosapentaenoate modulates changes in neurochemistry and brain lipids induced by parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in mouse brain slices. | 2010-12-15 |
|
| Docosahexaenoic acid increases cellular adiponectin mRNA and secreted adiponectin protein, as well as PPARγ mRNA, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2010-12 |
|
| Eicosapentaenoic acid up-regulates apelin secretion and gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2010-05 |
|
| Relationship between fish intake, n-3 fatty acids, mercury and risk markers of CHD (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002). | 2009-08 |
|
| n-3 fatty acids and rosiglitazone improve insulin sensitivity through additive stimulatory effects on muscle glycogen synthesis in mice fed a high-fat diet. | 2009-05 |
|
| n3 and n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially modulate prostaglandin E secretion but not markers of lipogenesis in adipocytes. | 2009-01-21 |
|
| Growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis of colon cancer cell lines by applying marine phospholipid. | 2009 |
|
| PPARalpha-mediated effects of dietary lipids on intestinal barrier gene expression. | 2008-05-19 |
|
| Down-regulation of alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde decarboxylase by polyunsaturated fatty acids in hepatocytes is not mediated by PPARalpha. | 2008-03 |
|
| Unsaturated fatty acids suppress the expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) and ABCA1 genes via an LXR/RXR responsive element. | 2007-03 |
|
| Intake of fish oil, oleic acid, folic acid, and vitamins B-6 and E for 1 year decreases plasma C-reactive protein and reduces coronary heart disease risk factors in male patients in a cardiac rehabilitation program. | 2007-02 |
|
| TRPV1 is a novel target for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. | 2007-01-15 |
|
| The inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on human CYP enzymes. | 2006-11-25 |
|
| Conjugated linoleic acid, unlike other unsaturated fatty acids, strongly induces glutathione synthesis without any lipoperoxidation. | 2006-11 |
|
| Attenuation of mycotoxin-induced IgA nephropathy by eicosapentaenoic acid in the mouse: dose response and relation to IL-6 expression. | 2006-10 |
|
| Alpha-tocopherol [corrected] and ascorbic acid attenuates the ribavirin [corrected] induced decrease of eicosapentaenoic acid in erythrocyte membrane in chronic hepatitis C patients. | 2006-08 |
|
| Mechanism of induction of muscle protein degradation by angiotensin II. | 2006-07 |
|
| A phase II study with antioxidants, both in the diet and supplemented, pharmaconutritional support, progestagen, and anti-cyclooxygenase-2 showing efficacy and safety in patients with cancer-related anorexia/cachexia and oxidative stress. | 2006-05 |
|
| Photoprotective and anti-skin-aging effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in human skin in vivo. | 2006-05 |
|
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) increases fatty acid and glucose uptake in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. | 2006-02 |
|
| Omega-3 fatty acids inhibit an increase of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with active Crohn's disease compared with omega-6 fatty acids. | 2005-12 |
|
| Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits UV-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. | 2005-08 |
|
| COX-2 inhibitors and metabolism of essential fatty acids. | 2005-07 |
|
| Fatty acids and expression of adipokines. | 2005-05-30 |
|
| Resolvin E1, an endogenous lipid mediator derived from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, protects against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. | 2005-05-24 |
|
| Modulation in vitro of human natural cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogens and cytokine production by essential fatty acids. | 1997-10 |
|
| Dietary fish oil decreases superoxide generation by human neutrophils: relation to cyclooxygenase pathway and lysosomal enzyme release. | 1996-09 |
|
| The mechanism of inhibitory effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on phagocytic activity and chemotaxis of human neutrophil granulocytes. | 1996-06 |
|
| Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography for the assay of fatty acid compositions of individual phospholipids in platelets from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients: effect of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester administration. | 1996-03-03 |
|
| Regulation of rat liver apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-II and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase gene expression by fibrates and dietary fatty acids. | 1995-08-15 |
|
| Lower levels of lipid peroxidation in human platelets incubated with eicosapentaenoic acid. | 1992-07-29 |
|
| Effects of small concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid on platelets. | 1989 |
|
| Effects of fasting on disease activity, neutrophil function, fatty acid composition, and leukotriene biosynthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | 1988-05 |
|
| [Decreasing atherogenic risks by an eicosapentaenoic acid-rich diet]. | 1987-03-01 |
|
| Comparison of the in vitro effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived lipoxygenase metabolites on human platelet function with those of arachidonic acid. | 1986-02-01 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
The daily dose of VASCEPA ( (icosapent) is 4 grams per day taken as 2 capsules twice daily with food.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26295255
The approximate 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of EPA on LA-N-1 cells at 48 hours treatment was found to be 35 uM, whereas the IC50 for ALA on LA-N-1 cells at 48 hours treatment was found to be >50 uM.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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AAN7QOV9EA
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75097-6
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88998-0
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C67080
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3820 (Number of products:4)
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EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID
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DB00159
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446284
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT | |||
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT | |||
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LIPID -> FATTY ACID | |||
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT | |||
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DERIVATIVE -> PARENT |
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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PARENT -> METABOLITE ACTIVE |
EPA is mainly metabolized by the liver via beta-oxidation similar to dietary fatty acids. Beta oxidation splits the long carbon chain of EPA into acetyl Coenzyme A, which is converted into energy via the Krebs cycle. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism is a minor pathway of elimination of EPA.
MAJOR
PLASMA
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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ACTIVE MOIETY |