U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C21H25ClN2O3
Molecular Weight 388.888
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of LEVOCETIRIZINE

SMILES

OC(=O)COCCN1CCN(CC1)[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(Cl)C=C3

InChI

InChIKey=ZKLPARSLTMPFCP-OAQYLSRUSA-N
InChI=1S/C21H25ClN2O3/c22-19-8-6-18(7-9-19)21(17-4-2-1-3-5-17)24-12-10-23(11-13-24)14-15-27-16-20(25)26/h1-9,21H,10-16H2,(H,25,26)/t21-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C21H25ClN2O3
Molecular Weight 388.888
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Levocetirizine is the active enantiomer of cetirizine. It is inverse agonist of H1 receptors. Levocetirizine hydrochloride was approved for treatment of Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria.

CNS Activity

Curator's Comment: Levocetirizine is highly (91–93%) protein bound. It can cross the blood-brain barrier, but typically occupy only 30–50% of the H1 receptors in the cerebral cortex, compared to more than 90% of peripheral H1 receptors

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Palliative
XYZAL

Approved Use

Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablet is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist indicated for: The relief of symptoms associated with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis (1.1, 1.2) The treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria (1.3) 1.1 Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children 6 years of age and older. 1.2 Perennial Allergic Rhinitis Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children 6 years of age and older. 1.3 Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria in adults and children 6 years of age and older.

Launch Date

2007
Palliative
XYZAL

Approved Use

Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablet is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist indicated for: The relief of symptoms associated with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis (1.1, 1.2) The treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria (1.3) 1.1 Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children 6 years of age and older. 1.2 Perennial Allergic Rhinitis Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children 6 years of age and older. 1.3 Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria in adults and children 6 years of age and older.

Launch Date

2007
Palliative
XYZAL

Approved Use

Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablet is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist indicated for: The relief of symptoms associated with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis (1.1, 1.2) The treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria (1.3) 1.1 Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children 6 years of age and older. 1.2 Perennial Allergic Rhinitis Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children 6 years of age and older. 1.3 Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria in adults and children 6 years of age and older.

Launch Date

2007
Primary
XYZAL

Approved Use

For the temporary relief of nasal decongestiom due to the commomn cold, hay fever or other upper respiratpry allergies. Temporarily relieves nasal stuffiness. Decongests nasal passages: shrinks swollen membranes. Temporarily restores freer breathing through the nose. Helps decongest sinus openings and passages; temporarily relieves sinus congestion and pressure. Promotes nasal and/or sinus drainage. temporarily relieves sinus congestion and pressure.

Launch Date

2007
Primary
XYZAL

Approved Use

For the temporary relief of nasal decongestiom due to the commomn cold, hay fever or other upper respiratpry allergies. Temporarily relieves nasal stuffiness. Decongests nasal passages: shrinks swollen membranes. Temporarily restores freer breathing through the nose. Helps decongest sinus openings and passages; temporarily relieves sinus congestion and pressure. Promotes nasal and/or sinus drainage. temporarily relieves sinus congestion and pressure.

Launch Date

2007
Primary
XYZAL

Approved Use

Unknown
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
0.17 μg/mL
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LEVOCETIRIZINE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
0.27 μg/mL
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LEVOCETIRIZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
512.25 ng/mL
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LEVOCETIRIZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
0.97 μg × h/mL
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LEVOCETIRIZINE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
2.31 μg × h/mL
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LEVOCETIRIZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
4136.4 ng × h/mL
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LEVOCETIRIZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
6.83 h
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LEVOCETIRIZINE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
7.05 h
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LEVOCETIRIZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
7.76 h
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LEVOCETIRIZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
4.5%
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LEVOCETIRIZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 18–60 years
n = 13
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: severe urticaria
Age Group: 18–60 years
Population Size: 13
Sources:
5 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 48-64 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic urticaria
Age Group: 48-64 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 2
Sources:
Disc. AE: Hepatotoxicity...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Hepatotoxicity (2 patients)
Sources:
5 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 428
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: > 12 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 428
Sources:
Disc. AE: Somnolence, Fatigue...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Somnolence (2.3%)
Fatigue (2.3%)
Asthenia (2.3%)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Hepatotoxicity 2 patients
Disc. AE
5 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 48-64 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic urticaria
Age Group: 48-64 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 2
Sources:
Asthenia 2.3%
Disc. AE
5 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 428
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: > 12 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 428
Sources:
Fatigue 2.3%
Disc. AE
5 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 428
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: > 12 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 428
Sources:
Somnolence 2.3%
Disc. AE
5 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 428
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: > 12 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 428
Sources:
OverviewDrug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
Drug as victimTox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Acute allergy reaction after posterior sub-Tenon's triamcinolone injection in the treatment of intermediate uveitis in the asthmatic patient.
2003
Chronic urticaria: aetiology, management and current and future treatment options.
2004
Recovery of nitric oxide from acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation in human skin in vivo.
2004 Apr-May
Comparison of pharmacokinetics and metabolism of desloratadine, fexofenadine, levocetirizine and mizolastine in humans.
2004 Aug
Interactions between eotaxin, histamine and mast cells in early microvascular events associated with eosinophil recruitment to the site of allergic skin reactions in humans.
2004 Aug
Antihistamines: do they work? Further well-controlled trials involving larger samples are needed.
2004 Aug
Levocetirizine: the allergist's arsenal grows larger.
2004 Jul
Single and short-term dosing effects of levocetirizine on adenosine monophosphate bronchoprovocation in atopic asthma.
2004 Jul
Large-scale overproduction, functional purification and ligand affinities of the His-tagged human histamine H1 receptor.
2004 Jul
A direct comparison of the efficacy of antihistamines in SAR and PAR: randomised, placebo-controlled studies with levocetirizine and loratadine using an environmental exposure unit - the Vienna Challenge Chamber (VCC).
2004 Jun
Levocetirizine: a new selective H1 receptor antagonist for use in allergic disorders.
2004 May
Gateways to clinical trials.
2004 Nov
Chronic urticaria: clinical aspects and focus on a new antihistamine, levocetirizine.
2004 Nov-Dec
Comparison of the effects in the nose and skin of a single dose of desloratadine and levocetirizine over 24 hours.
2004 Oct
Modern histamine H1-receptor antagonists in the unified airway.
2004 Sep
[Patient report: allergic rhinitis].
2005
Pharmacological management of allergic rhinitis in the elderly: safety issues with oral antihistamines.
2005
Levocetirizine in 1-2 year old children: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile.
2005 Apr
Levocetirizine: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children age 6 to 11 years.
2005 Aug
Gateways to clinical trials.
2005 Dec
Desloratadine and levocetirizine improve nasal symptoms, airflow, and allergic inflammation in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: a pilot study.
2005 Dec
Levocetirizine improves nasal symptoms and airflow in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis: a pilot study.
2005 Jan
Retrospective population pharmacokinetics of levocetirizine in atopic children receiving cetirizine: the ETAC study.
2005 Jan
A treatment for allergic rhinitis: a view on the role of levocetirizine.
2005 Jul
Levocetirizine has a longer duration of action on improving total nasal symptoms score than fexofenadine after single administration.
2005 Jul
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods.
2005 Jun
Costs associated with persistent allergic rhinitis are reduced by levocetirizine.
2005 Jun
Population pharmacokinetics of levocetirizine in very young children: the pediatricians' perspective.
2005 Mar
Fixed drug eruption due to levocetirizine.
2005 Sep-Oct
Effect of levocetirizine on the contraction induced by histamine on isolated rabbit bronchioles from precision-cut lung slices.
2006
Levocetirizine as treatment for symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
2006
Levocetirizine for treatment of immediate and delayed mosquito bite reactions.
2006
Levocetirizine: a review of its use in the management of allergic rhinitis and skin allergies.
2006
Familial aquagenic urticaria and bernard-soulier syndrome.
2006
Levocetirizine is an effective treatment in patients suffering from chronic idiopathic urticaria: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, multicenter study.
2006 Apr
Levocetirizine in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria: results of a multicenter clinical practice study.
2006 Apr
Pathophysiology of nasal obstruction and meta-analysis of early and late effects of levocetirizine.
2006 Aug
Facial thermography is a sensitive tool to determine antihistaminic activity: comparison of levocetirizine and fexofenadine.
2006 Aug
A review of the evidence from comparative studies of levocetirizine and desloratadine for the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
2006 Jan
Changes in pH differently affect the binding properties of histamine H1 receptor antagonists.
2006 Jan 20
Gateways to clinical trials.
2006 Jan-Feb
Gateways to clinical trials.
2006 Jun
Chiral separation of cetirizine by capillary electrophoresis.
2006 Jun
Gateways to clinical trials.
2006 Mar
Levocetirizine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
2006 Mar
Gateways to clinical trials.
2006 May
Effects of levocetirizine as add-on therapy to fluticasone in seasonal allergic rhinitis.
2006 May
Levocetirizine improves health-related quality of life and health status in persistent allergic rhinitis.
2006 Oct
Lichenoid eruption associated with the use of nebivolol.
2006 Sep
Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of cetirizine in the guinea pig: role of protein binding.
2006 Sep
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Adults and children 12 years of age and older: 5 mg once daily in the evening. Children 6 to 11 years of age: 2.5 mg once daily in the evening. Children 6 months to 5 years of age: 1.25 mg (1/2 teaspoon oral solution)[2.5mL] once daily in the evening.
Route of Administration: Oral
Eosinophils isolated from normal subjects were pre-incubated with a concentration range of levocetirizine (10(-6)-10(-10) m) or negative dilution control. Levocetirizine significantly inhibited resting eosinophil adhesion to recombinant human vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (rhVCAM-1) with maximal effect at 10(-8) M with an EC(50) of 10(-9) m.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
Record UNII
6U5EA9RT2O
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
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Name Type Language
LEVOCETIRIZINE
INN   MART.   USAN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
USAN   INN  
Official Name English
(R)-CETIRIZINE
Common Name English
CETIRIZINE (R)-FORM
MI  
Common Name English
XAZAL
Brand Name English
CETIRIZINE, (R)-
Common Name English
Levocetirizine [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
LEVOCETIRIZINE [VANDF]
Common Name English
LEVOCETIRIZINE [USAN]
Common Name English
(-)-CETIRIZINE
Common Name English
ACETIC ACID, (2-(4-((R)-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)PHENYLMETHYL)-1-PIPERAZINYL)ETHOXY)-
Common Name English
LEVOCETIRIZINE [MART.]
Common Name English
CETIRIZINE (R)-FORM [MI]
Common Name English
ACETIC ACID, (2-(4-((R)-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)PHENYLMETHYL)-1-PIPERAZINYL)ETHOXY)
Common Name English
CETIRIZINE, (-)-
Common Name English
levocetirizine [INN]
Common Name English
(2-{4-[(R)-(4-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethoxy)acetic acid
Systematic Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-ATC R06AE09
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QR06AE09
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C29578
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000175587
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000000190
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
LIVERTOX 551
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
SMS_ID
100000092505
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Levocetirizine
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
356887
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
CAS
130018-77-8
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
INN
7700
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
6U5EA9RT2O
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
LEVOCETIRIZINE
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C66008
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1201191
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB06282
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
USAN
TT-54
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB08467MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
6U5EA9RT2O
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
C472067
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m3291
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
IUPHAR
1214
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
1549000
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID60156294
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
1566
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
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