Details
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Molecular Formula | C20H31NO |
| Molecular Weight | 301.4662 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
OC(CCN1CCCCC1)(C2CCCCC2)C3=CC=CC=C3
InChI
InChIKey=HWHLPVGTWGOCJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C20H31NO/c22-20(18-10-4-1-5-11-18,19-12-6-2-7-13-19)14-17-21-15-8-3-9-16-21/h1,4-5,10-11,19,22H,2-3,6-9,12-17H2
| Molecular Formula | C20H31NO |
| Molecular Weight | 301.4662 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
DescriptionSources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00376Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2003/006773_s036_artane.pdf
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00376
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2003/006773_s036_artane.pdf
Trihexyphenidyl (Artane, Apo-Trihex, Parkin, Pacitane), also known as benzhexol and trihex has been in clinical usage for decades.It is an anticholinergic used in the symptomatic treatment of all etiologic groups of parkinsonism and drug induced extrapyramidal reactions (except tardive dyskinesia). Trihexyphenidyl possesses both anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects, although only the former has been established as therapeutically significant in the management of parkinsonism. Trihexyphenidyl is a selective M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. It is able to discriminate between the M1 (cortical or neuronal) and the peripheral muscarinic subtypes (cardiac and glandular). Trihexyphenidyl partially blocks cholinergic activity in the CNS, which is responsible for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. It is also thought to increase the availability of dopamine, a brain chemical that is critical in the initiation and smooth control of voluntary muscle movement. Trihexyphenidyl is indicated for the treatment of parkinson's disease and extrapyramidal reactions caused by drugs.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL216 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00376 |
1.3 nM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL1821 |
6.7 nM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2035 |
10.3 nM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL245 |
26.3 nM [IC50] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride Approved UseTrihexyphenidyl HCl tablets are indicated as an adjunct in the treatment of all forms of parkinsonism (postencephalitic, arteriosclerotic, and idiopathic). It is often useful as adjuvant therapy when treating these forms of parkinsonism with levodopa. Additionally, it is indicated for the control of extrapyramidal disorders caused by central nervous system drugs such as the dibenzoxazepines, phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, and butyrophenones. Launch Date1949 |
|||
| Secondary | Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride Approved UseTrihexyphenidyl HCl tablets are indicated as an adjunct in the treatment of all forms of parkinsonism (postencephalitic, arteriosclerotic, and idiopathic). It is often useful as adjuvant therapy when treating these forms of parkinsonism with levodopa. Additionally, it is indicated for the control of extrapyramidal disorders caused by central nervous system drugs such as the dibenzoxazepines, phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, and butyrophenones. Launch Date1949 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
24.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3225767/ |
5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
14.9 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3225767/ |
5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
334 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3225767/ |
5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
294 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3225767/ |
5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
8.67 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3225767/ |
5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
10.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3225767/ |
5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
0.55 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 1-18 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 1-18 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Constipation, Gastrointestinal disorders... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Constipation (2 patients) Sources: Gastrointestinal disorders (4 patients) Behaviour disorder (2 patients) Movements involuntary (1 patient) Drowsiness (1 patient) Skin rash (1 patient) |
40 mg multiple, oral Higher than recommended |
unhealthy, 25 years |
Other AEs: Dependence... |
5 mg 28 times / day multiple, oral Higher than recommended Dose: 5 mg, 28 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg, 28 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 35 years |
Other AEs: Dependence... |
0.75 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.75 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.75 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 4-15 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 4-15 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Chorea, Rash... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Chorea (1 patient) Sources: Rash (1 patient) Hyperactivity (1 patient) |
24 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 24 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 24 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Sources: |
|
41 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 41 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 41 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children Sex: unknown Sources: |
|
8 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, mean 49.7 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: mean 49.7 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Other AEs: Extrapyramidal symptoms... |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drowsiness | 1 patient Disc. AE |
0.55 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 1-18 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 1-18 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Movements involuntary | 1 patient Disc. AE |
0.55 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 1-18 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 1-18 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Skin rash | 1 patient Disc. AE |
0.55 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 1-18 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 1-18 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Behaviour disorder | 2 patients Disc. AE |
0.55 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 1-18 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 1-18 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Constipation | 2 patients Disc. AE |
0.55 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 1-18 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 1-18 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | 4 patients Disc. AE |
0.55 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.55 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 1-18 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 1-18 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Dependence | 1 patient | 40 mg multiple, oral Higher than recommended |
unhealthy, 25 years |
| Dependence | 1 patient | 5 mg 28 times / day multiple, oral Higher than recommended Dose: 5 mg, 28 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg, 28 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 35 years |
| Chorea | 1 patient Disc. AE |
0.75 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.75 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.75 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 4-15 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 4-15 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Hyperactivity | 1 patient Disc. AE |
0.75 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.75 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.75 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 4-15 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 4-15 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Rash | 1 patient Disc. AE |
0.75 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.75 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.75 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 4-15 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 4-15 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Extrapyramidal symptoms | 77% | 8 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, mean 49.7 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: mean 49.7 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-nicotinic properties of anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs. | 1998-11 |
|
| Risperidone-induced rabbit syndrome. | 1998-09 |
|
| Electromyography in cervical dystonia: changes after botulinum and trihexyphenidyl. | 1998-09 |
|
| Chronic haloperidol produces a time- and dose-related slowing of lick rhythm in rats: implications for rodent models of tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. | 1998-05 |
|
| Antiparkinsonian drugs causing inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. | 1998-01 |
|
| Trihexyphenidyl withdrawal encephalopathy. | 1997-01 |
|
| Anticholinergic overdose induced torsade de pointes successfully treated with verapamil. | 1996-11 |
|
| Trihexyphenidyl as a possible therapeutic option in clozapine-induced nocturnal enuresis. | 1996-03 |
|
| Positron emission tomography of reversible intellectual impairment induced by long-term anticholinergic therapy. | 1995-09 |
|
| [A 75-year-old man with parkinsonism and delirium]. | 1994-01 |
|
| Memory and cognitive impairments in a case of long-term trihexyphenidyl abuse. | 1993-03 |
|
| Successful treatment of levodopa-induced myoclonus and levodopa withdrawal-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A case report. | 1988-06 |
|
| [Parkinson's disease associated with trihexyphenidyl (THP) induced dysphonia plicae ventricularis]. | 1988-04 |
|
| Dystonic reactions with metoclopramide: is there a risk population? | 1987-06 |
|
| Parkinson's disease and myasthenia gravis: adverse effect of trihexyphenidyl on neuromuscular transmission. | 1987-05 |
|
| Lithium-induced akathisia. | 1987-02 |
|
| Anticholinergic-induced chorea in the treatment of focal dystonia. | 1987 |
|
| Bradycardia due to trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride. | 1986-10 |
|
| [Trihexyphenidyl (THP)-induced respiratory dyskinesia]. | 1986-02 |
|
| Pharmacological modification of DDT-induced tremor and hyperthermia in rats: distributional factors. | 1986 |
|
| Withdrawal of trihexyphenidyl. | 1985-03 |
|
| Trihexyphenidyl dependence. | 1984-06 |
|
| Intravenous lorazepam in neuroleptic-induced catatonia. | 1983-12 |
|
| Malignant neuroleptic syndrome due to haloperidol. (A case report). | 1983-01 |
|
| Sexual dysfunction in women using major tranquilizers. | 1982-09 |
|
| Catalepsy produced by long-acting neuroleptics, fluphenazine enanthate and fluphenazine decanoate, in mice. | 1982 |
|
| Akathisia: an overlooked, distressing, but treatable condition. | 1981-09 |
|
| Reversibility of long-term tardive dyskinesia associated with antiparkinsonian medication: a case report. | 1981-08 |
|
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. | 1980-07 |
|
| Extrapyramidal syndrome with sodium valproate. | 1979-10-27 |
|
| Choreiform movements induced by anticholinergic therapy. | 1979-05-19 |
|
| Death attributed to ventricular arrhythmia induced by thioridazine in combination with a single Contac C capsule. | 1978-10-07 |
|
| Mood elevating effect of trihexyphenidyl and biperiden in individuals taking antipsychotic medication. | 1977-05 |
|
| Anticholinergic exacerbation of phenothiazine-induced extrapyramidal syndrome. | 1976-09 |
|
| Amodiaquine-induced involuntary movements. | 1976-07-24 |
|
| Skeletal muscle necrosis following membrane-active drugs plus serotonin. | 1976-05 |
|
| [Outcome of Parkinsonism after two years of levodopa plus R04-4602 (author's transl)]. | 1975-07-01 |
|
| Comparative trial of benzhexol, amantadine, and levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. | 1974-04 |
|
| Abnormal involuntary movements induced by anticholinergic therapy. | 1974 |
|
| Toxic liver injuries. | 1973-08 |
|
| Neuroleptics and neurologic reactions. | 1973-03 |
|
| Depot phenothiazine treatment in acute psychosis: a sequential comparative clinical study. | 1973-01 |
|
| An unusual response to chlorpromazine therapy. | 1972-10 |
|
| Benzhexol-induced blindness in Parkinson's disease. | 1972-03-04 |
|
| Benzhexol and side effects with long-acting fluphenazine therapy. | 1972-01-29 |
|
| Benzhexol-induced hallucinosis. | 1971-03-06 |
|
| Toxic psychosis induced by benzhexol hydrochloride. | 1970-10-10 |
|
| Reversal of central anticholinergic syndrome in man by physostigmine. | 1968-11-25 |
|
| Phenothiazines in early labour. | 1967-02-11 |
|
| Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms: their incidence and treatment. | 1967-01 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/dosage/trihexyphenidyl.html
Usual Adult Dose for Extrapyramidal Reaction
4 to 10 mg orally each day. The total daily dose is best tolerated when administered in 2 or three equally separated doses.
Usual Adult Dose for Parkinson's Disease
Initial: 1 mg/day; increase by 2 mg increments at intervals of 3 to 5 days
Usual dose: 6 to 10 mg/day in 3 to 4 divided doses; doses of 12 to 15 mg/day may be required
Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms: Initial: 1 mg/day; increase as necessary to usual range of 5 to 15 mg/day in 3 to 4 divided doses
Use in combination with levodopa: Usual range: 3 to 6 mg/day in divided doses
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1376014
Trihexyphenidyl 10, 50, and 100 umol/L depressed the maximal upstroke velocity (Vmax) and the action potential amplitude (APA) of SAP in guinea pig papillary muscles.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Wed Apr 02 06:53:49 GMT 2025
by
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on
Wed Apr 02 06:53:49 GMT 2025
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| Record UNII |
6RC5V8B7PO
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Validated (UNII)
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C38149
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WHO-ATC |
N04AA01
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LIVERTOX |
NBK547977
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29704
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WHO-VATC |
QN04AA01
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7315
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SUB11295MIG
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Trihexyphenidyl
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3196
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2745
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12268
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C61988
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6RC5V8B7PO
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DB00376
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TRIHEXYPHENIDYL
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ACTIVE MOIETY |