Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C2H3Cl3O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 165.4029 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
InChI
InChIKey=RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C2H3Cl3O2/c3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h1,6-7H
| Molecular Formula | C2H3Cl3O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 165.4029 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
CHLORAL BETAINE, a chemical complex of chloral hydrate and betaine, is a nonbarbiturate sedative and hypnotic. It is indicated for sleep induction, preoperative sedation, and daytime sedation. CHLORAL BETAINE is converted to chloral hydrate in the body and its action on the central nervous system is identical with that of chloral hydrate.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Beta-Chlor Approved UseCloral Betaine Tablets are used for the short-term treatment of severe insomnia which is interfering with normal daily life and where other therapies have failed. Cloral Betaine Tablets should be used as an adjunct to non-pharmacological therapies. Launch Date1962 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
106 μM EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18243465/ |
1500 mg single, oral dose: 1500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
2,2,2-TRICHLOROETHANOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1056 μM × h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18243465/ |
1500 mg single, oral dose: 1500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
2,2,2-TRICHLOROETHANOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
12.8 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18243465/ |
1500 mg single, oral dose: 1500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
2,2,2-TRICHLOROETHANOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
88 mg/kg single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 88 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 88 mg/kg Sources: |
healthy, 1.25 |
Disc. AE: Cyanosis, Lethargy... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Cyanosis Sources: Lethargy |
20 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 27 |
Disc. AE: Hypotension, Ventricular tachycardia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hypotension Sources: Ventricular tachycardia |
39 mg/kg single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 39 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 39 mg/kg Sources: |
healthy, 3 |
Disc. AE: Lethargy... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Lethargy Sources: |
38 g single, oral Overdose |
unhealthy, 38 |
Disc. AE: Cyanosis, Coma... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Cyanosis Sources: Coma Hypotension Ventricular tachycardia |
30 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 39 |
Disc. AE: Supraventricular tachycardia, Premature ventricular contractions... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Supraventricular tachycardia Sources: Premature ventricular contractions |
20 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 42 |
Disc. AE: Chest pain, Tachycardia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Chest pain Sources: Tachycardia |
30 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 67 |
Disc. AE: Ventricular tachycardia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Ventricular tachycardia Sources: |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cyanosis | Disc. AE | 88 mg/kg single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 88 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 88 mg/kg Sources: |
healthy, 1.25 |
| Lethargy | Disc. AE | 88 mg/kg single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 88 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 88 mg/kg Sources: |
healthy, 1.25 |
| Hypotension | Disc. AE | 20 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 27 |
| Ventricular tachycardia | Disc. AE | 20 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 27 |
| Lethargy | Disc. AE | 39 mg/kg single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 39 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 39 mg/kg Sources: |
healthy, 3 |
| Coma | Disc. AE | 38 g single, oral Overdose |
unhealthy, 38 |
| Cyanosis | Disc. AE | 38 g single, oral Overdose |
unhealthy, 38 |
| Hypotension | Disc. AE | 38 g single, oral Overdose |
unhealthy, 38 |
| Ventricular tachycardia | Disc. AE | 38 g single, oral Overdose |
unhealthy, 38 |
| Premature ventricular contractions | Disc. AE | 30 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 39 |
| Supraventricular tachycardia | Disc. AE | 30 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 39 |
| Chest pain | Disc. AE | 20 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 42 |
| Tachycardia | Disc. AE | 20 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 42 |
| Ventricular tachycardia | Disc. AE | 30 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 67 |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
Drug as victim
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/33/10/1429 Page: 1.0 |
major | |||
Sources: https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/33/10/1429 Page: 1.0 |
minor |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Oral and rectal absorption of chloral hydrate and its betaine complex. | 1980-02 |
|
| The effects of phenobarbital, chloral betaine, and glutethimide administration on warfarin plasma levels and hypoprothrombinemic responese in man. | 1969-01-01 |
|
| A CHLORAL HYDRATE COMPLEX. CHLORAL BETAINE. (BETA-CHLOR). | 1964-12-28 |
|
| Clinical experience with chloral betaine, a preoperative sedative. | 1963-07 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14212304
To induce sleep, the recommended dosage for adults and children over 12 years of age is 870 mg to 1.7 gm approximately 15 to 30 minutes before bedtime.
For preoperative sedation, the same amounts are given 60 to 90 minutes before surgery.
The suggested sedative dosage is 870 mg given three times daily, with an additional dose at bedtime if necessary.
Route of Administration:
Oral
| Substance Class |
Chemical
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| Record UNII |
418M5916WG
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| Record Status |
FAILED
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DEA NO. |
2465
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WHO-VATC |
QN05CC01
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CFR |
21 CFR 1308.22
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LIVERTOX |
188
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EPA PESTICIDE CODE |
268100
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C2199
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CFR |
21 CFR 522.380
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WHO-ATC |
N05CC01
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| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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28142
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3210
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CHLORAL HYDRATE
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PRIMARY | |||
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Chloral Hydrate
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m3341
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PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
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DB01563
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2707
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C28922
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302-17-0
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222
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CHLORAL HYDRATE
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PRIMARY | Description: Colourless, transparent or white crystals; odour, aromatic, pungent and characteristic. Solubility: Very soluble in water; freely soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS and ether R. Category: Premedication. Storage: Chloral hydrate should be kept in a tightly closed container. Additional information: Melting temperature, about 55 ?C; when exposed to air it slowly volatilizes. Requirement: Chloral hydrate contains not less than 98.5% and not more than 101.0% of C2H3Cl3O2.Note: Prepare the following test solution for use in "Identity tests A and B", and for "Clarity and colour". Dissolve 2.5 g in sufficientcarbon-dioxide-free water R to produce 25 mL. | ||
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D002697
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418M5916WG
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100000085010
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SUB13324MIG
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1178760-67-2
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2344
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PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
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SUB13325MIG
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206-117-5
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586
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418M5916WG
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DTXSID7020261
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CHEMBL455917
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE INACTIVE -> PARENT |
MAJOR
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METABOLITE -> PARENT | |||
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
Percent of dose excreted in urine as metabolite.
May be responsible for the hypnotic activity of the parent drug in man.
URINE
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PRODRUG |
MAJOR
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