Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C27H29NO11 |
| Molecular Weight | 543.5193 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[H][C@@]1(C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](O)(CC3=C(O)C4=C(C(=O)C5=C(OC)C=CC=C5C4=O)C(O)=C23)C(=O)CO
InChI
InChIKey=AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N
InChI=1S/C27H29NO11/c1-10-22(31)13(28)6-17(38-10)39-15-8-27(36,16(30)9-29)7-12-19(15)26(35)21-20(24(12)33)23(32)11-4-3-5-14(37-2)18(11)25(21)34/h3-5,10,13,15,17,22,29,31,33,35-36H,6-9,28H2,1-2H3/t10-,13-,15-,17-,22-,27-/m0/s1
| Molecular Formula | C27H29NO11 |
| Molecular Weight | 543.5193 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Epirubicin is an anthracycline cytotoxic agent, is a 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound is marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Ellence in the US. It is indicated as a component of adjuvant therapy in patients with evidence of axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer. Although it is known that anthracyclines can interfere with a number of biochemical and biological functions within eukaryotic cells, the precise mechanisms of epirubicin’s cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative properties have not been completely elucidated. It is known, that epirubicin forms a complex with DNA by intercalation of its planar rings between nucleotide base pairs, with consequent inhibition of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and protein synthesis. Such intercalation triggers DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II, resulting in cytocidal activity. Epirubicin also inhibits DNA helicase activity, preventing the enzymatic separation of double-stranded DNA and interfering with replication and transcription. Epirubicin is also involved in oxidation/reduction reactions by generating cytotoxic free radicals.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2311221 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | ELLENCE Approved UseEpirubicin Hydrochloride Injection is indicated as a component of adjuvant therapy in patients with evidence of axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Launch Date9.3735361E11 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5.7 μg/mL |
60 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 60 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
9.3 μg/mL |
150 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 150 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1.6 μg × h/mL |
60 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 60 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
4.2 μg × h/mL |
150 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 150 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
35.3 h |
60 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 60 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
31.1 h |
150 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 150 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
23% |
60 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 60 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
unhealthy, 31–62 n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Ovarian carcinoma Age Group: 31–62 Sex: F Population Size: 3 Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
DLT: Thrombocytopenia, Leukopenia... Dose limiting toxicities: Thrombocytopenia (grade 4, 67%) Sources: Page: p.13,14Leukopenia (grade 4, 67%) Myelosuppression (grade 4, 100%) Stomatitis (grade 3, 33%) |
95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Overdose Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 36 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Age Group: 36 Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Disc. AE: Aplasia bone marrow, Mucositis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Aplasia bone marrow Sources: Page: p.11Mucositis (grade 4) Gastrointestinal bleeding |
320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Disc. AE: Hyperthermia, Multiple organ failure... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hyperthermia Sources: Page: p.11Multiple organ failure Lactic acidosis Lactate dehydrogenase increased Anuria |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Disc. AE: Soft tissue necrosis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Soft tissue necrosis (severe) Sources: Page: p.1 |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
DLT: Leukopenia, Neutropenia... Disc. AE: Toxic myocarditis, Congestive heart failure... Dose limiting toxicities: Leukopenia AEs leading toNeutropenia discontinuation/dose reduction: Toxic myocarditis (severe) Sources: Page: p.1Congestive heart failure (grade 3-5) Acute promyelocytic leukemia Myelosuppression (severe) Hyperuricemia Thrombophlebitis Thromboembolic event Pulmonary embolism |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stomatitis | grade 3, 33% DLT, Disc. AE |
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
unhealthy, 31–62 n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Ovarian carcinoma Age Group: 31–62 Sex: F Population Size: 3 Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
| Myelosuppression | grade 4, 100% DLT, Disc. AE |
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
unhealthy, 31–62 n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Ovarian carcinoma Age Group: 31–62 Sex: F Population Size: 3 Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
| Leukopenia | grade 4, 67% DLT, Disc. AE |
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
unhealthy, 31–62 n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Ovarian carcinoma Age Group: 31–62 Sex: F Population Size: 3 Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
| Thrombocytopenia | grade 4, 67% DLT, Disc. AE |
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
unhealthy, 31–62 n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Ovarian carcinoma Age Group: 31–62 Sex: F Population Size: 3 Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
| Aplasia bone marrow | Disc. AE | 95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Overdose Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 36 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Age Group: 36 Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | Disc. AE | 95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Overdose Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 36 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Age Group: 36 Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
| Mucositis | grade 4 Disc. AE |
95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Overdose Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 36 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Age Group: 36 Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
| Anuria | Disc. AE | 320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
| Hyperthermia | Disc. AE | 320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase increased | Disc. AE | 320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
| Lactic acidosis | Disc. AE | 320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
| Multiple organ failure | Disc. AE | 320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
| Soft tissue necrosis | severe Disc. AE |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
| Leukopenia | DLT, Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
| Neutropenia | DLT, Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia | Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
| Hyperuricemia | Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
| Pulmonary embolism | Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
| Thromboembolic event | Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
| Thrombophlebitis | Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
| Congestive heart failure | grade 3-5 Disc. AE |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
| Myelosuppression | severe Disc. AE |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
| Toxic myocarditis | severe Disc. AE |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Camptothecin resistance: role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC), mitoxantrone-resistance half-transporter (MXR), and potential for glucuronidation in MXR-expressing cells. | 1999 Dec 1 |
|
| Cardiotoxicity of epirubicin/paclitaxel-containing regimens: role of cardiac risk factors. | 1999 Nov |
|
| Long-term results of an intensive regimen: VEBEP plus involved-field radiotherapy in advanced Hodgkin's disease. | 1999 Sep-Oct |
|
| Epirubicin for adjuvant therapy in node-positive breast cancer. | 2000 Feb 7 |
|
| Single agent epirubicin as first line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer patients. | 2000 Jan |
|
| Docetaxel and epirubicin in advanced breast cancer. | 2001 |
|
| Adjuvant chemotherapy with high-dose cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin intensification without progenitor cell support in breast cancer patients with ten or more involved nodes: 5-year results of a pilot trial. | 2001 |
|
| Intensive cyclic chemotherapy with unprocessed whole blood support in advanced breast cancer. | 2001 |
|
| Chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer: what to expect in 2001 and beyond. | 2001 |
|
| Dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin and paclitaxel in advanced breast cancer. | 2001 |
|
| Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastro-oesophageal cancer with epirubicin, cisplatin and fluorouracil: a single-centre experience. | 2001 |
|
| Paclitaxel by 72-hour continuous infusion followed by bolus intravenous ifosfamide or epirubicin: results of two phase I studies. | 2001 |
|
| Comparison of double and triple high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell transplantation in patients with metastatic breast cancer. | 2001 |
|
| Complete cure of malignant lymphoma of the stomach with a huge adrenal lesion achieved by preoperative chemotherapy and surgery: report of a case. | 2001 |
|
| Gemcitabine, epirubicin, and paclitaxel combinations in advanced breast cancer. | 2001 Apr |
|
| [Early phase II study of amrubicin (SM-5887) for superficial bladder cancer: a dose-finding study for intravesical chemotherapy]. | 2001 Apr |
|
| High-dose epirubicin plus docetaxel at standard dose with lenograstim support as first-line therapy in advanced breast cancer. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Patterns of failure after induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the Queen Mary Hospital experience. | 2001 Apr 1 |
|
| Expression and prognostic significance of catalase in malignant mesothelioma. | 2001 Apr 1 |
|
| Ondansetron plus metopimazine compared with ondansetron plus metopimazine plus prednisolone as antiemetic prophylaxis in patients receiving multiple cycles of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. | 2001 Apr 1 |
|
| Dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin and paclitaxel versus the combination, as first-line chemotherapy, in advanced breast cancer: a randomized study conducted by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. | 2001 Apr 15 |
|
| Clinical and pharmacologic study of the epirubicin and paclitaxel combination in women with metastatic breast cancer. | 2001 Apr 15 |
|
| Randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy versus control after curative resection for gastric cancer: 5-year follow-up. | 2001 Apr 6 |
|
| Preoperative high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell support as a primary management of locally advanced breast cancer. | 2001 Feb |
|
| [Intra-arterial preoperative chemotherapy versus preoperative radiotherapy]. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Bone marrow involvement by nasal NK cell lymphoma at diagnosis is uncommon. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Interferon alfa 2b as maintenance therapy in poor risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in complete remission after intensive CHOP-BLEO regimens. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Benefit of a high-dose epirubicin regimen in adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer patients with poor prognostic factors: 5-year follow-up results of French Adjuvant Study Group 05 randomized trial. | 2001 Feb 1 |
|
| Anthracycline adjuvant chemotherapy: how much is enough? | 2001 Feb 1 |
|
| Neurophysiological evaluation of late effects of adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy on cognitive function. | 2001 Jan |
|
| [MR mammography of response-control in primary chemo-brachytherapy in BCT-inoperable breast cancer]. | 2001 Jan |
|
| High-dose epirubicin in the prophylactic treatment of T1G2 superficial bladder tumors. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Impact of intravesical chemotherapy on recurrence rate of recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: results of a meta-analysis. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
| Reversal of multidrug resistance to epirubicin by cyclosporin A in liposomes or intralipid. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
| Activation of caspase-3 in renal cell carcinoma cells by anthracyclines or 5-fluorouracil. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Chemotherapy response of breast cancer depends on HER-2 status and anthracycline dose intensity in the neoadjuvant setting. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Contrast-enhanced subtraction harmonic sonography for evaluating treatment response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Adjuvant chemotherapy for adult soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and girdles: results of the Italian randomized cooperative trial. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
| Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. | 2001 Mar 15 |
|
| Neoadjuvant high dose chemotherapy plus peripheral blood progenitor cells in inflammatory breast cancer: a multicenter phase II pilot study. | 2001 May |
|
| Optimizing adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy: rationale for the MA.21 study. | 2001 May |
|
| Epirubicin/taxane combinations in breast cancer: experience from several Italian trials. | 2001 May |
|
| Dose-dense and sequential strategies in adjuvant breast cancer therapy. | 2001 May |
|
| Body surface area as a determinant of pharmacokinetics and drug dosing. | 2001 May |
|
| Management of extravasation injuries. | 2001 May |
|
| Kinetics of PBPC mobilization by cyclophosphamide, as compared with that by epirubicin/paclitaxel followed by G-CSF support: implications for optimal timing of PBPC harvest. | 2001 May |
|
| Peripheral blood progenitor cell collection after epirubicin, paclitaxel, and cisplatin combination chemotherapy using EPO-based cytokine regimens: a randomized comparison of G-CSF and sequential GM-/G-CSF. | 2001 May |
|
| The multimodality treatment of thymic carcinoma. | 2001 May |
|
| Definitive results of a phase II trial of cisplatin, epirubicin, continuous-infusion fluorouracil, and gemcitabine in stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma. | 2001 May 15 |
|
| Telomere length in breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation. | 2001 May 18 |
Sample Use Guides
Injection is administered to patients by intravenous infusion. Drug is given in 14 repeated 3- to 4-week cycles. The total dose may be given on Day 1 of each cycle 15 or divided equally and given on Days 1 and 8 of each cycle. The recommended starting dose is 100 to 120 mg/m2.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
It was investigated the effect of combined treatment with the anthracycline agent epirubicin (EPI) and NK cells on human breast cancer cells. NK cells were obtained by autologous adoptive cell transfer from breast cancer patients and amplified for 14 days in vitro. The cytotoxicity of NK cells against breast cancer cells was higher following EPI (5.0 μg/ml) pretreatment than without EPI pretreatment or application of EPI alone. The expression of NKG2D ligands [unique long 16-binding protein (ULBP) 1, ULBP2, and major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A] in breast cancer cells was upregulated by pretreatment with EPI, which also increased the secretion of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α and expression of perforin and granzyme B in NK cells. These results indicate that EPI-NK cell treatment has synergistic cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cells, and suggest that anthracycline-based chemotherapy and NK cell-based immunotherapy can be combined for more effective breast cancer treatment.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
by
admin
on
Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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| Record UNII |
3Z8479ZZ5X
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548622
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NDF-RT |
N0000000176
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NDF-RT |
N0000007530
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
588517
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WHO-ATC |
L01DB03
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NDF-RT |
N0000175414
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
121498
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WHO-VATC |
QL01DB03
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C1594
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NDF-RT |
N0000007530
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NDF-RT |
N0000007530
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5171
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SUB06571MIG
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3995
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D015251
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56420-45-2
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6962
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M4948
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47898
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3Z8479ZZ5X
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DTXSID0022987
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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C62028
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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EPIRUBICIN
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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1030
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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3Z8479ZZ5X
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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256942
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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DB00445
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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41867
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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100000080474
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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CHEMBL417
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:19:59 UTC 2023
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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BINDER->LIGAND |
BINDING
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TRANSPORTER -> SUBSTRATE | |||
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT | |||
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TRANSPORTER -> SUBSTRATE |
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
MAJOR
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
The mean metabolite/parent AUC ratio is about 25% for 7-deoxydoxorubicin aglycone
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
The mean metabolite/parent AUC ratio is about 15% for doxorubicin aglycone
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
The mean metabolite/parent AUC ratio is about 20% for epirubicin glucuronide
MAJOR
PLASMA
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
The mean metabolite/parent AUC ratio is about 25% for epirubicinol glucuronide
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
The mean metabolite/parent AUC ratio is about 4% 7-deoxydoxorubicinol aglycone
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
The mean metabolite/parent AUC ratio is about 15% for doxorubicinol aglycone
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PRODRUG -> METABOLITE ACTIVE |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
| Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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| Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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| Volume of Distribution | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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