U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C27H29NO11.ClH
Molecular Weight 579.98
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 6 / 6
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE

SMILES

Cl.[H][C@@]1(C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](O)(CC3=C(O)C4=C(C(=O)C5=C(OC)C=CC=C5C4=O)C(O)=C23)C(=O)CO

InChI

InChIKey=MWWSFMDVAYGXBV-FGBSZODSSA-N
InChI=1S/C27H29NO11.ClH/c1-10-22(31)13(28)6-17(38-10)39-15-8-27(36,16(30)9-29)7-12-19(15)26(35)21-20(24(12)33)23(32)11-4-3-5-14(37-2)18(11)25(21)34;/h3-5,10,13,15,17,22,29,31,33,35-36H,6-9,28H2,1-2H3;1H/t10-,13-,15-,17-,22-,27-;/m0./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C27H29NO11
Molecular Weight 543.5193
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 6 / 6
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Molecular Formula ClH
Molecular Weight 36.461
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Epirubicin is an anthracycline cytotoxic agent, is a 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound is marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Ellence in the US. It is indicated as a component of adjuvant therapy in patients with evidence of axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer. Although it is known that anthracyclines can interfere with a number of biochemical and biological functions within eukaryotic cells, the precise mechanisms of epirubicin’s cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative properties have not been completely elucidated. It is known, that epirubicin forms a complex with DNA by intercalation of its planar rings between nucleotide base pairs, with consequent inhibition of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and protein synthesis. Such intercalation triggers DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II, resulting in cytocidal activity. Epirubicin also inhibits DNA helicase activity, preventing the enzymatic separation of double-stranded DNA and interfering with replication and transcription. Epirubicin is also involved in oxidation/reduction reactions by generating cytotoxic free radicals.

CNS Activity

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
ELLENCE

Approved Use

Epirubicin Hydrochloride Injection is indicated as a component of adjuvant therapy in patients with evidence of axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer

Launch Date

1999
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
5.7 μg/mL
60 mg/m² single, intravenous
dose: 60 mg/m²
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
EPIRUBICIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
9.3 μg/mL
150 mg/m² single, intravenous
dose: 150 mg/m²
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
EPIRUBICIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1.6 μg × h/mL
60 mg/m² single, intravenous
dose: 60 mg/m²
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
EPIRUBICIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
4.2 μg × h/mL
150 mg/m² single, intravenous
dose: 150 mg/m²
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
EPIRUBICIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
35.3 h
60 mg/m² single, intravenous
dose: 60 mg/m²
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
EPIRUBICIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
31.1 h
150 mg/m² single, intravenous
dose: 150 mg/m²
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
EPIRUBICIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
23%
60 mg/m² single, intravenous
dose: 60 mg/m²
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
EPIRUBICIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
MTD
Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.13,14
unhealthy, 31–62
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Ovarian carcinoma
Age Group: 31–62
Sex: F
Population Size: 3
Sources: Page: p.13,14
DLT: Thrombocytopenia, Leukopenia...
Dose limiting toxicities:
Thrombocytopenia (grade 4, 67%)
Leukopenia (grade 4, 67%)
Myelosuppression (grade 4, 100%)
Stomatitis (grade 3, 33%)
Sources: Page: p.13,14
95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous
Overdose
Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.11
unhealthy, 36
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Age Group: 36
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.11
Disc. AE: Aplasia bone marrow, Mucositis...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Aplasia bone marrow
Mucositis (grade 4)
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Sources: Page: p.11
320 mg/m2 single, intravenous
Overdose
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Sources: Page: p.11
unhealthy, 63
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis
Age Group: 63
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.11
Disc. AE: Hyperthermia, Multiple organ failure...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Hyperthermia
Multiple organ failure
Lactic acidosis
Lactate dehydrogenase increased
Anuria
Sources: Page: p.11
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Disc. AE: Soft tissue necrosis...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Soft tissue necrosis (severe)
Sources: Page: p.1
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
DLT: Leukopenia, Neutropenia...
Disc. AE: Toxic myocarditis, Congestive heart failure...
Dose limiting toxicities:
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Toxic myocarditis (severe)
Congestive heart failure (grade 3-5)
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Myelosuppression (severe)
Hyperuricemia
Thrombophlebitis
Thromboembolic event
Pulmonary embolism
Sources: Page: p.1
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Stomatitis grade 3, 33%
DLT, Disc. AE
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
MTD
Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.13,14
unhealthy, 31–62
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Ovarian carcinoma
Age Group: 31–62
Sex: F
Population Size: 3
Sources: Page: p.13,14
Myelosuppression grade 4, 100%
DLT, Disc. AE
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
MTD
Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.13,14
unhealthy, 31–62
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Ovarian carcinoma
Age Group: 31–62
Sex: F
Population Size: 3
Sources: Page: p.13,14
Leukopenia grade 4, 67%
DLT, Disc. AE
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
MTD
Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.13,14
unhealthy, 31–62
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Ovarian carcinoma
Age Group: 31–62
Sex: F
Population Size: 3
Sources: Page: p.13,14
Thrombocytopenia grade 4, 67%
DLT, Disc. AE
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
MTD
Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.13,14
unhealthy, 31–62
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Ovarian carcinoma
Age Group: 31–62
Sex: F
Population Size: 3
Sources: Page: p.13,14
Aplasia bone marrow Disc. AE
95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous
Overdose
Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.11
unhealthy, 36
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Age Group: 36
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.11
Gastrointestinal bleeding Disc. AE
95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous
Overdose
Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.11
unhealthy, 36
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Age Group: 36
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.11
Mucositis grade 4
Disc. AE
95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous
Overdose
Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.11
unhealthy, 36
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Age Group: 36
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.11
Anuria Disc. AE
320 mg/m2 single, intravenous
Overdose
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Sources: Page: p.11
unhealthy, 63
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis
Age Group: 63
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.11
Hyperthermia Disc. AE
320 mg/m2 single, intravenous
Overdose
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Sources: Page: p.11
unhealthy, 63
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis
Age Group: 63
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.11
Lactate dehydrogenase increased Disc. AE
320 mg/m2 single, intravenous
Overdose
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Sources: Page: p.11
unhealthy, 63
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis
Age Group: 63
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.11
Lactic acidosis Disc. AE
320 mg/m2 single, intravenous
Overdose
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Sources: Page: p.11
unhealthy, 63
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis
Age Group: 63
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.11
Multiple organ failure Disc. AE
320 mg/m2 single, intravenous
Overdose
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 320 mg/m2
Sources: Page: p.11
unhealthy, 63
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis
Age Group: 63
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.11
Soft tissue necrosis severe
Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Leukopenia DLT, Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Neutropenia DLT, Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Acute promyelocytic leukemia Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Hyperuricemia Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Pulmonary embolism Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Thromboembolic event Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Thrombophlebitis Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Congestive heart failure grade 3-5
Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Myelosuppression severe
Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Toxic myocarditis severe
Disc. AE
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer
Sources: Page: p.1
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Adjuvant chemotherapy with high-dose cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin intensification without progenitor cell support in breast cancer patients with ten or more involved nodes: 5-year results of a pilot trial.
2001
Chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer: what to expect in 2001 and beyond.
2001
Dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin and paclitaxel in advanced breast cancer.
2001
Paclitaxel by 72-hour continuous infusion followed by bolus intravenous ifosfamide or epirubicin: results of two phase I studies.
2001
Comparison of double and triple high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell transplantation in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
2001
Complete cure of malignant lymphoma of the stomach with a huge adrenal lesion achieved by preoperative chemotherapy and surgery: report of a case.
2001
Tolerability of the cytoprotective agent amifostine in elderly patients receiving chemotherapy: a comparative study.
2001 Apr
[Early phase II study of amrubicin (SM-5887) for superficial bladder cancer: a dose-finding study for intravesical chemotherapy].
2001 Apr
Carboplatin alone vs carboplatin plus epidoxorubicin as second-line therapy for cisplatin- or carboplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer.
2001 Apr
Primary high-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma of the cervix presenting as a common endocervical polyp.
2001 Apr
Expression and prognostic significance of catalase in malignant mesothelioma.
2001 Apr 1
Differential anthracycline sensitivity in two related human colon carcinoma cell lines expressing similar levels of P-glycoprotein.
2001 Apr 10
Preoperative high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell support as a primary management of locally advanced breast cancer.
2001 Feb
The gemcitabine/epirubicin/paclitaxel trials in advanced breast cancer.
2001 Feb
[Advanced breast cancer with multiple bone metastases successfully treated with combined chemoendocrine-therapy of CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil) and 5'-DFUR (5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine) + MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate)--a case report].
2001 Feb
[Intra-arterial preoperative chemotherapy versus preoperative radiotherapy].
2001 Feb
Bone marrow involvement by nasal NK cell lymphoma at diagnosis is uncommon.
2001 Feb
A phase II study of sequential chemotherapy with docetaxel after the weekly PELF regimen in advanced gastric cancer. A report from the Italian group for the study of digestive tract cancer.
2001 Feb
Thymidine kinase and thymidylate synthase in advanced breast cancer: response to tamoxifen and chemotherapy.
2001 Feb 15
Dose-intensive epirubicin-based chemotherapy is superior to an intensive intravenous cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil regimen in metastatic breast cancer: a randomized multinational study.
2001 Feb 15
Etoposide plus cisplatin with or without the combination of 4'-epidoxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in treatment of extensive small-cell lung cancer: a French Federation of Cancer Institutes multicenter phase III randomized study.
2001 Feb 21
High-dose thiotepa and melphalan with hemopoietic progenitor support following induction therapy with epirubicin-paclitaxel-containing regimens in metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
2001 Jan
Generalised seizures following ondansetron.
2001 Jan
[MR mammography of response-control in primary chemo-brachytherapy in BCT-inoperable breast cancer].
2001 Jan
High-dose epirubicin in the prophylactic treatment of T1G2 superficial bladder tumors.
2001 Jan
[Usefulness of ambulatory adjuvant chemotherapy with low-dose epirubicin in patients with axially-node positive breast cancer: Chiba Epirubicin Cooperative Study Group].
2001 Jan
Nuclear targeting and retention of anthracycline antitumor drugs in sensitive and resistant tumor cells.
2001 Jan
Impact of intravesical chemotherapy on recurrence rate of recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: results of a meta-analysis.
2001 Jan-Feb
Treatment of classical type Kaposi's sarcoma with paclitaxel.
2001 Jan-Feb
Reversal of multidrug resistance to epirubicin by cyclosporin A in liposomes or intralipid.
2001 Jan-Feb
Synchronous gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma in a patient with H. pylori infection. Could the two neoplasms share a common pathogenesis?
2001 Jan-Feb
Activation of caspase-3 in renal cell carcinoma cells by anthracyclines or 5-fluorouracil.
2001 Jul
Chemotherapy response of breast cancer depends on HER-2 status and anthracycline dose intensity in the neoadjuvant setting.
2001 Jun
Phase II study of epirubicin, mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil in hormone-refractory prostatic carcinoma.
2001 Jun
Importance of surgery as salvage treatment after high dose chemotherapy failure in germ cell tumors.
2001 Jun
Phase III trial comparing two dose levels of epirubicin combined with cyclophosphamide with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in node-positive breast cancer.
2001 Jun 15
Impact of chemotherapy dose-density on radiotherapy dose-intensity after breast conserving surgery.
2001 Mar
High incidence of central nervous system involvement in patients with metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer treated with epirubicin and docetaxel.
2001 Mar
[Long-term survival of a patient with postoperative liver metastasis of stage IVa gallbladder cancer responding to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy].
2001 Mar
Efficacy of vinorelbine, epirubicin and prednisone combination regimen in pretreated elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
2001 Mar
Contrast-enhanced subtraction harmonic sonography for evaluating treatment response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
2001 Mar
Adjuvant chemotherapy for adult soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and girdles: results of the Italian randomized cooperative trial.
2001 Mar 1
Activation of caspase-8 in drug-induced apoptosis of B-lymphoid cells is independent of CD95/Fas receptor-ligand interaction and occurs downstream of caspase-3.
2001 Mar 1
Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2.
2001 Mar 15
Randomized trials of high dose chemotherapy for breast cancer.
2001 Mar 21
Prophylactic chemolipiodolization for postoperative hepatoma patients.
2001 Mar-Apr
Neoadjuvant high dose chemotherapy plus peripheral blood progenitor cells in inflammatory breast cancer: a multicenter phase II pilot study.
2001 May
Kinetics of PBPC mobilization by cyclophosphamide, as compared with that by epirubicin/paclitaxel followed by G-CSF support: implications for optimal timing of PBPC harvest.
2001 May
Epirubicin glucuronidation is catalyzed by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7.
2001 May
Telomere length in breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation.
2001 May 18
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Injection is administered to patients by intravenous infusion. Drug is given in 14 repeated 3- to 4-week cycles. The total dose may be given on Day 1 of each cycle 15 or divided equally and given on Days 1 and 8 of each cycle. The recommended starting dose is 100 to 120 mg/m2.
Route of Administration: Intravenous
It was investigated the effect of combined treatment with the anthracycline agent epirubicin (EPI) and NK cells on human breast cancer cells. NK cells were obtained by autologous adoptive cell transfer from breast cancer patients and amplified for 14 days in vitro. The cytotoxicity of NK cells against breast cancer cells was higher following EPI (5.0 μg/ml) pretreatment than without EPI pretreatment or application of EPI alone. The expression of NKG2D ligands [unique long 16-binding protein (ULBP) 1, ULBP2, and major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A] in breast cancer cells was upregulated by pretreatment with EPI, which also increased the secretion of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α and expression of perforin and granzyme B in NK cells. These results indicate that EPI-NK cell treatment has synergistic cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cells, and suggest that anthracycline-based chemotherapy and NK cell-based immunotherapy can be combined for more effective breast cancer treatment.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
Record UNII
22966TX7J5
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE
EP   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   USP   USP-RS   WHO-DD  
USAN  
Official Name English
EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE [MI]
Common Name English
EPIRUBICIN HCL [VANDF]
Common Name English
ELLENCE
Brand Name English
FARMORUBICINA
Brand Name English
(1S,3S)-3-GLYCOLOYL-1,2,3,4,6,11-HEXAHYDRO-3,5,12-TRIHYDROXY-10-METHOXY-6,11-DIOXO-1-NAPHTHACENYL 3-AMINO-2,3,6-TRIDEOXY-.ALPHA.-L-ARABINO-HEXOPYRANOSIDE HYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
Epirubicin hydrochloride [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
WP-697
Code English
EPIRUBICIN HCL
VANDF  
Common Name English
EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE [JAN]
Common Name English
EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE [MART.]
Common Name English
EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
5,12-NAPHTHACENEDIONE, 10-((3-AMINO-2,3,6-TRIDEOXY-.ALPHA.-L-ARABINO-HEXOPYRANOSYL)OXY)-7,8,9,10-TETRAHYDRO-6,8,11-TRIHYDROXY-8-(HYDROXYACETYL)-1-METHOXY-, HYDROCHLORIDE, (8S-CIS)-
Common Name English
IMI-28
Code English
EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE [USAN]
Common Name English
EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE [USP-RS]
Common Name English
NSC-759195
Code English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C1594
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
DRUG BANK
DBSALT001168
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C474
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
759195
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
22966TX7J5
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL417
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
260-145-2
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000090558
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
22966TX7J5
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID50860297
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
203213
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
CAS
56390-09-1
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m4948
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
PUBCHEM
65348
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
USAN
W-74
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB01915MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1237382
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE
ASSAY (HPLC)
EP
PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE
BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE
ASSAY (HPLC)
EP
Related Record Type Details
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY