Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C27H29NO11.ClH |
Molecular Weight | 579.98 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.[H][C@@]1(C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](O)(CC3=C(O)C4=C(C(=O)C5=C(OC)C=CC=C5C4=O)C(O)=C23)C(=O)CO
InChI
InChIKey=MWWSFMDVAYGXBV-FGBSZODSSA-N
InChI=1S/C27H29NO11.ClH/c1-10-22(31)13(28)6-17(38-10)39-15-8-27(36,16(30)9-29)7-12-19(15)26(35)21-20(24(12)33)23(32)11-4-3-5-14(37-2)18(11)25(21)34;/h3-5,10,13,15,17,22,29,31,33,35-36H,6-9,28H2,1-2H3;1H/t10-,13-,15-,17-,22-,27-;/m0./s1
Molecular Formula | C27H29NO11 |
Molecular Weight | 543.5193 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Molecular Formula | ClH |
Molecular Weight | 36.461 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Epirubicin is an anthracycline cytotoxic agent, is a 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound is marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Ellence in the US. It is indicated as a component of adjuvant therapy in patients with evidence of axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer. Although it is known that anthracyclines can interfere with a number of biochemical and biological functions within eukaryotic cells, the precise mechanisms of epirubicin’s cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative properties have not been completely elucidated. It is known, that epirubicin forms a complex with DNA by intercalation of its planar rings between nucleotide base pairs, with consequent inhibition of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and protein synthesis. Such intercalation triggers DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II, resulting in cytocidal activity. Epirubicin also inhibits DNA helicase activity, preventing the enzymatic separation of double-stranded DNA and interfering with replication and transcription. Epirubicin is also involved in oxidation/reduction reactions by generating cytotoxic free radicals.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2311221 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | ELLENCE Approved UseEpirubicin Hydrochloride Injection is indicated as a component of adjuvant therapy in patients with evidence of axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Launch Date1999 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
5.7 μg/mL |
60 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 60 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
9.3 μg/mL |
150 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 150 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.6 μg × h/mL |
60 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 60 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
4.2 μg × h/mL |
150 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 150 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
35.3 h |
60 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 60 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
31.1 h |
150 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 150 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
23% |
60 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 60 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPIRUBICIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
unhealthy, 31–62 n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Ovarian carcinoma Age Group: 31–62 Sex: F Population Size: 3 Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
DLT: Thrombocytopenia, Leukopenia... Dose limiting toxicities: Thrombocytopenia (grade 4, 67%) Sources: Page: p.13,14Leukopenia (grade 4, 67%) Myelosuppression (grade 4, 100%) Stomatitis (grade 3, 33%) |
95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Overdose Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 36 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Age Group: 36 Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Disc. AE: Aplasia bone marrow, Mucositis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Aplasia bone marrow Sources: Page: p.11Mucositis (grade 4) Gastrointestinal bleeding |
320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Disc. AE: Hyperthermia, Multiple organ failure... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hyperthermia Sources: Page: p.11Multiple organ failure Lactic acidosis Lactate dehydrogenase increased Anuria |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Disc. AE: Soft tissue necrosis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Soft tissue necrosis (severe) Sources: Page: p.1 |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
DLT: Leukopenia, Neutropenia... Disc. AE: Toxic myocarditis, Congestive heart failure... Dose limiting toxicities: Leukopenia AEs leading toNeutropenia discontinuation/dose reduction: Toxic myocarditis (severe) Sources: Page: p.1Congestive heart failure (grade 3-5) Acute promyelocytic leukemia Myelosuppression (severe) Hyperuricemia Thrombophlebitis Thromboembolic event Pulmonary embolism |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Stomatitis | grade 3, 33% DLT, Disc. AE |
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
unhealthy, 31–62 n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Ovarian carcinoma Age Group: 31–62 Sex: F Population Size: 3 Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
Myelosuppression | grade 4, 100% DLT, Disc. AE |
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
unhealthy, 31–62 n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Ovarian carcinoma Age Group: 31–62 Sex: F Population Size: 3 Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
Leukopenia | grade 4, 67% DLT, Disc. AE |
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
unhealthy, 31–62 n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Ovarian carcinoma Age Group: 31–62 Sex: F Population Size: 3 Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
Thrombocytopenia | grade 4, 67% DLT, Disc. AE |
200 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
unhealthy, 31–62 n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Ovarian carcinoma Age Group: 31–62 Sex: F Population Size: 3 Sources: Page: p.13,14 |
Aplasia bone marrow | Disc. AE | 95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Overdose Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 36 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Age Group: 36 Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | Disc. AE | 95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Overdose Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 36 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Age Group: 36 Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Mucositis | grade 4 Disc. AE |
95 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Overdose Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 95 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 36 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Age Group: 36 Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Anuria | Disc. AE | 320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Hyperthermia | Disc. AE | 320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Lactate dehydrogenase increased | Disc. AE | 320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Lactic acidosis | Disc. AE | 320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Multiple organ failure | Disc. AE | 320 mg/m2 single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 320 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 320 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.11 |
unhealthy, 63 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Breast cancer and liver metastasis Age Group: 63 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: Page: p.11 |
Soft tissue necrosis | severe Disc. AE |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Leukopenia | DLT, Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Neutropenia | DLT, Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Acute promyelocytic leukemia | Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Hyperuricemia | Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Pulmonary embolism | Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Thromboembolic event | Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Thrombophlebitis | Disc. AE | 120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Congestive heart failure | grade 3-5 Disc. AE |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Myelosuppression | severe Disc. AE |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
Toxic myocarditis | severe Disc. AE |
120 mg/m2 1 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 120 mg/m2, 1 times / 3 weeks Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer Sources: Page: p.1 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Adjuvant chemotherapy with high-dose cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin intensification without progenitor cell support in breast cancer patients with ten or more involved nodes: 5-year results of a pilot trial. | 2001 |
|
Chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer: what to expect in 2001 and beyond. | 2001 |
|
Dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin and paclitaxel in advanced breast cancer. | 2001 |
|
Paclitaxel by 72-hour continuous infusion followed by bolus intravenous ifosfamide or epirubicin: results of two phase I studies. | 2001 |
|
Comparison of double and triple high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell transplantation in patients with metastatic breast cancer. | 2001 |
|
Complete cure of malignant lymphoma of the stomach with a huge adrenal lesion achieved by preoperative chemotherapy and surgery: report of a case. | 2001 |
|
Tolerability of the cytoprotective agent amifostine in elderly patients receiving chemotherapy: a comparative study. | 2001 Apr |
|
[Early phase II study of amrubicin (SM-5887) for superficial bladder cancer: a dose-finding study for intravesical chemotherapy]. | 2001 Apr |
|
Carboplatin alone vs carboplatin plus epidoxorubicin as second-line therapy for cisplatin- or carboplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer. | 2001 Apr |
|
Primary high-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma of the cervix presenting as a common endocervical polyp. | 2001 Apr |
|
Expression and prognostic significance of catalase in malignant mesothelioma. | 2001 Apr 1 |
|
Differential anthracycline sensitivity in two related human colon carcinoma cell lines expressing similar levels of P-glycoprotein. | 2001 Apr 10 |
|
Preoperative high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell support as a primary management of locally advanced breast cancer. | 2001 Feb |
|
The gemcitabine/epirubicin/paclitaxel trials in advanced breast cancer. | 2001 Feb |
|
[Advanced breast cancer with multiple bone metastases successfully treated with combined chemoendocrine-therapy of CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil) and 5'-DFUR (5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine) + MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate)--a case report]. | 2001 Feb |
|
[Intra-arterial preoperative chemotherapy versus preoperative radiotherapy]. | 2001 Feb |
|
Bone marrow involvement by nasal NK cell lymphoma at diagnosis is uncommon. | 2001 Feb |
|
A phase II study of sequential chemotherapy with docetaxel after the weekly PELF regimen in advanced gastric cancer. A report from the Italian group for the study of digestive tract cancer. | 2001 Feb |
|
Thymidine kinase and thymidylate synthase in advanced breast cancer: response to tamoxifen and chemotherapy. | 2001 Feb 15 |
|
Dose-intensive epirubicin-based chemotherapy is superior to an intensive intravenous cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil regimen in metastatic breast cancer: a randomized multinational study. | 2001 Feb 15 |
|
Etoposide plus cisplatin with or without the combination of 4'-epidoxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in treatment of extensive small-cell lung cancer: a French Federation of Cancer Institutes multicenter phase III randomized study. | 2001 Feb 21 |
|
High-dose thiotepa and melphalan with hemopoietic progenitor support following induction therapy with epirubicin-paclitaxel-containing regimens in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). | 2001 Jan |
|
Generalised seizures following ondansetron. | 2001 Jan |
|
[MR mammography of response-control in primary chemo-brachytherapy in BCT-inoperable breast cancer]. | 2001 Jan |
|
High-dose epirubicin in the prophylactic treatment of T1G2 superficial bladder tumors. | 2001 Jan |
|
[Usefulness of ambulatory adjuvant chemotherapy with low-dose epirubicin in patients with axially-node positive breast cancer: Chiba Epirubicin Cooperative Study Group]. | 2001 Jan |
|
Nuclear targeting and retention of anthracycline antitumor drugs in sensitive and resistant tumor cells. | 2001 Jan |
|
Impact of intravesical chemotherapy on recurrence rate of recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: results of a meta-analysis. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Treatment of classical type Kaposi's sarcoma with paclitaxel. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Reversal of multidrug resistance to epirubicin by cyclosporin A in liposomes or intralipid. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Synchronous gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma in a patient with H. pylori infection. Could the two neoplasms share a common pathogenesis? | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Activation of caspase-3 in renal cell carcinoma cells by anthracyclines or 5-fluorouracil. | 2001 Jul |
|
Chemotherapy response of breast cancer depends on HER-2 status and anthracycline dose intensity in the neoadjuvant setting. | 2001 Jun |
|
Phase II study of epirubicin, mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil in hormone-refractory prostatic carcinoma. | 2001 Jun |
|
Importance of surgery as salvage treatment after high dose chemotherapy failure in germ cell tumors. | 2001 Jun |
|
Phase III trial comparing two dose levels of epirubicin combined with cyclophosphamide with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in node-positive breast cancer. | 2001 Jun 15 |
|
Impact of chemotherapy dose-density on radiotherapy dose-intensity after breast conserving surgery. | 2001 Mar |
|
High incidence of central nervous system involvement in patients with metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer treated with epirubicin and docetaxel. | 2001 Mar |
|
[Long-term survival of a patient with postoperative liver metastasis of stage IVa gallbladder cancer responding to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy]. | 2001 Mar |
|
Efficacy of vinorelbine, epirubicin and prednisone combination regimen in pretreated elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. | 2001 Mar |
|
Contrast-enhanced subtraction harmonic sonography for evaluating treatment response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | 2001 Mar |
|
Adjuvant chemotherapy for adult soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and girdles: results of the Italian randomized cooperative trial. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
Activation of caspase-8 in drug-induced apoptosis of B-lymphoid cells is independent of CD95/Fas receptor-ligand interaction and occurs downstream of caspase-3. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. | 2001 Mar 15 |
|
Randomized trials of high dose chemotherapy for breast cancer. | 2001 Mar 21 |
|
Prophylactic chemolipiodolization for postoperative hepatoma patients. | 2001 Mar-Apr |
|
Neoadjuvant high dose chemotherapy plus peripheral blood progenitor cells in inflammatory breast cancer: a multicenter phase II pilot study. | 2001 May |
|
Kinetics of PBPC mobilization by cyclophosphamide, as compared with that by epirubicin/paclitaxel followed by G-CSF support: implications for optimal timing of PBPC harvest. | 2001 May |
|
Epirubicin glucuronidation is catalyzed by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7. | 2001 May |
|
Telomere length in breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation. | 2001 May 18 |
Sample Use Guides
Injection is administered to patients by intravenous infusion. Drug is given in 14 repeated 3- to 4-week cycles. The total dose may be given on Day 1 of each cycle 15 or divided equally and given on Days 1 and 8 of each cycle. The recommended starting dose is 100 to 120 mg/m2.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27158340
It was investigated the effect of combined treatment with the anthracycline agent epirubicin (EPI) and NK cells on human breast cancer cells. NK cells were obtained by autologous adoptive cell transfer from breast cancer patients and amplified for 14 days in vitro. The cytotoxicity of NK cells against breast cancer cells was higher following EPI (5.0 μg/ml) pretreatment than without EPI pretreatment or application of EPI alone. The expression of NKG2D ligands [unique long 16-binding protein (ULBP) 1, ULBP2, and major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A] in breast cancer cells was upregulated by pretreatment with EPI, which also increased the secretion of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α and expression of perforin and granzyme B in NK cells. These results indicate that EPI-NK cell treatment has synergistic cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cells, and suggest that anthracycline-based chemotherapy and NK cell-based immunotherapy can be combined for more effective breast cancer treatment.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
by
admin
on
Fri Dec 15 15:32:04 GMT 2023
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Record UNII |
22966TX7J5
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C1594
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C474
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260-145-2
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56390-09-1
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m4948
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65348
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1237382
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BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE |
ASSAY (HPLC)
EP
|
||
|
PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE | |||
|
BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE |
ASSAY (HPLC)
EP
|
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
|
||
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
|
||
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
|
||
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
|
||
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
|
||
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
|
||
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
|
||
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
|
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
ACTIVE MOIETY |