Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C9H9Cl2N3O |
| Molecular Weight | 246.093 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
NC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl
InChI
InChIKey=INJOMKTZOLKMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C9H9Cl2N3O/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)5(6)4-8(15)14-9(12)13/h1-3H,4H2,(H4,12,13,14,15)
| Molecular Formula | C9H9Cl2N3O |
| Molecular Weight | 246.093 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1867 |
7.03 null [pKi] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | TENEX Approved UseTenex (guanfacine hydrochloride) is indicated in the management of hypertension. Tenex may be given
alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. Launch Date1986 |
|||
| Primary | TENEX Approved UseINTUNIV® is a central alpha2A-adrenergic receptor agonist indicated
for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy to stimulant medications Launch Date1986 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 ng/mL |
1 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 1 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
GUANFACINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
10 ng/mL |
4 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
GUANFACINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
7 ng/mL |
4 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
GUANFACINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: ADOLESCENT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56 ng × h/mL |
1 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 1 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
GUANFACINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
162 ng × h/mL |
4 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
GUANFACINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
116 ng × h/mL |
4 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
GUANFACINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: ADOLESCENT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
16 h |
1 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 1 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
GUANFACINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
30% |
1 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 1 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
GUANFACINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
12 mg single, oral Overdose |
unhealthy, 12 years |
Disc. AE: Hypertensive... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hypertensive (1%) Sources: |
80 mg single, oral Overdose |
unhealthy, 17 years |
Disc. AE: Cardiogenic pulmonary edema... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (1%) Sources: |
4 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children and adolescents Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children and adolescents Sex: M+F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Somnolence, Fatigue... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Somnolence (6%) Sources: Fatigue (2%) Hypotension (1%) Headache (1%) Dizziness (1%) |
4 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children |
Other AEs: Sedation, Fatigue... Other AEs: Sedation (below serious, 5 patients) Sources: Fatigue (below serious, 3 patients) |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertensive | 1% Disc. AE |
12 mg single, oral Overdose |
unhealthy, 12 years |
| Cardiogenic pulmonary edema | 1% Disc. AE |
80 mg single, oral Overdose |
unhealthy, 17 years |
| Dizziness | 1% Disc. AE |
4 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children and adolescents Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children and adolescents Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Headache | 1% Disc. AE |
4 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children and adolescents Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children and adolescents Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Hypotension | 1% Disc. AE |
4 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children and adolescents Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children and adolescents Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Fatigue | 2% Disc. AE |
4 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children and adolescents Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children and adolescents Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Somnolence | 6% Disc. AE |
4 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children and adolescents Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children and adolescents Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Fatigue | below serious, 3 patients | 4 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children |
| Sedation | below serious, 5 patients | 4 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 16.0 |
no | |||
Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Page: 16.0 |
no | |||
Page: 16.0 |
no | |||
Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Page: 16.0 |
no | |||
Page: 15.0 |
no |
Drug as victim
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 10.0 |
major | yes (co-administration study) Comment: There was a significant decrease in the rate and extent of guanfacine exposure when co-administered with rifampin, a CYP3A4 inducer. The exposure to guanfacine decreased by 70% (AUC) Page: 10.0 |
||
Page: 18.0 |
weak | |||
Page: 10.0 |
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: There was a substantial increase in the rate and extent of guanfacine exposure when administered with ketoconazole; the guanfacine exposure increased 3-fold (AUC) Page: 10.0 |
Tox targets
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| The effects of guanfacine on context processing abnormalities in schizotypal personality disorder. | 2007-05-15 |
|
| Differential noradrenergic influence on seizure expression in genetically Fast and Slow kindling rat strains during massed trial stimulation of the amygdala. | 2007-02 |
|
| Guanfacine produces differential effects in frontal cortex compared with striatum: assessed by phMRI BOLD contrast. | 2006-12 |
|
| Heme coordination states of unfolded ferrous cytochrome C. | 2006-10-15 |
|
| Discriminative stimulus properties of the selective and highly potent alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, S18616, in rats: mediation by the alpha2A subtype, and blockade by the atypical antidepressants, mirtazapine and mianserin. | 2006-09 |
|
| Relative contribution of intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ to alpha2-adrenoceptor-mediated contractions of ovine pulmonary artery. | 2006-09 |
|
| Yohimbine acts as a putative in vivo alpha2A/D-antagonist in the rat prefrontal cortex. | 2006-07-24 |
|
| Tourette's Syndrome. | 2006-06 |
|
| Syncope in children with Tourette's syndrome treated with guanfacine. | 2006-03 |
|
| New developments in the treatment of ADHD. | 2006-01 |
|
| Effect of noradrenergic system on the anxiolytic-like effect of DOI (5-HT2A/2C agonists) in the four-plate test. | 2006-01 |
|
| Noradrenergic modulation of space exploration in visual neglect. | 2006-01 |
|
| Mechanism of action of agents used in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | 2006 |
|
| Introduction: new developments in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | 2006 |
|
| An open-label, prospective study of guanfacine in children with ADHD and tic disorders. | 2005-11 |
|
| Recent pharmacologic updates. | 2005-10 |
|
| Lack of effects of guanfacine on executive and memory functions in healthy male volunteers. | 2005-10 |
|
| Central sympathetic inhibition augments sleep-related ultradian rhythm of parasympathetic tone in patients with chronic heart failure. | 2005-09 |
|
| Alpha-2 adrenoceptor activation inhibits phencyclidine-induced deficits of spatial working memory in rats. | 2005-08 |
|
| Animal models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. | 2005-07-15 |
|
| Aripiprazole in children and adolescents: clinical experience. | 2005-07 |
|
| G-protein-coupled alpha2A-adrenoreceptor agonists differentially alter citrus leaf and fruit abscission by affecting expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase. | 2005-07 |
|
| Yohimbine disrupts prepulse inhibition in rats via action at 5-HT1A receptors, not alpha2-adrenoceptors. | 2005-07 |
|
| Neurobiology of executive functions: catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical functions. | 2005-06-01 |
|
| The safety of non-stimulant agents for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. | 2005-03 |
|
| Impaired visuospatial divided attention in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. | 2005-02-28 |
|
| Locomotor hyperactivity induced by blockade of prefrontal cortical alpha2-adrenoceptors in monkeys. | 2005-01-15 |
|
| Nonstimulant therapies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. | 2005 |
|
| Role of central sympathoexcitation in enhanced hypercapnic chemosensitivity in patients with heart failure. | 2004-12 |
|
| Guanfacine treatment of clozapine-induced sialorrhea. | 2004-12 |
|
| Noradrenergic alpha-2 agonists have anxiolytic-like actions on stress-related behavior and mesoprefrontal dopamine biochemistry. | 2004-11-19 |
|
| Enhanced visuomotor associative learning following stimulation of alpha 2A-adrenoceptors in the ventral prefrontal cortex in monkeys. | 2004-10-22 |
|
| Alpha2 adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal. | 2004-10-18 |
|
| Clonidine and guanfacine-induced antinociception in visceral pain: possible role of alpha 2/I2 binding sites. | 2004-10-06 |
|
| Methylphenidate an effective treatment for ADHD? | 2004-10 |
|
| Mania induction associated with atomoxetine. | 2004-10 |
|
| Pulse-synchronous sympathetic burst power as a new index of sympathoexcitation in patients with heart failure. | 2004-10 |
|
| New options in the pharmacological management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | 2004-07 |
|
| Pharmacological management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. | 2004-06 |
|
| Subtypes of alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors mediating noradrenergic modulation of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. | 2004-05 |
|
| Potential noradrenergic targets for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia. | 2004-05 |
|
| The Leeds Evaluation of Efficacy of Detoxification Study (LEEDS) project: an open-label pragmatic randomised control trial comparing the efficacy of differing therapeutic agents for primary care detoxification from either street heroin or methadone [ISRCTN07752728]. | 2004-04-29 |
|
| Loss of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in frontal and temporal cortex resulting from attenuation of FGFR1 signaling is associated with spontaneous hyperactivity in mice. | 2004-03-03 |
|
| [Centrally-acting antihypertensive drugs]. | 2004-03 |
|
| Evidence-based pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. | 2004-03 |
|
| [Tourette syndrome: an analysis of its comorbidity and specific treatment]. | 2004-02 |
|
| Pharmacotherapy of pervasive developmental disorders in children and adolescents. | 2004 |
|
| Guanfacine treatment of hyperactivity and inattention in pervasive developmental disorders: a retrospective analysis of 80 cases. | 2004 |
|
| The anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects of alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonists are mediated by distinct populations of alpha2A-adrenoreceptors. | 2004 |
|
| Centrally acting imidazoline I1-receptor agonists: do they have a place in the management of hypertension? | 2001 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/dosage/guanfacine.html
Usual Adult Dose for Hypertension
Initial dose: 1 mg orally once a day at bedtime; may increase to 2 mg once a day if satisfactory result not achieved after 3 to 4 weeks.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Attention Deficit Disorder
6 YEARS TO LESS THAN 18 YEARS:
Initial dose: 1 mg orally once a day, either in the morning or evening, at approximately the same time each day; may adjust in increments of no more than 1 mg/week.
Recommended target dose: 0.05 to 0.12 mg/kg/day (total daily dose between 1 and 7 mg) once a day, depending on clinical response and tolerability
Maximum dose: 6 to 12 years: Doses above 4 mg/day have not been evaluated; 13 to 17 years: Doses above 7 mg/day have not been evaluated.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2884339
Guanfacine and clonidine at relatively high concentrations (10(-6)-10(-4) M) produced contractions of the rat vas deferens which were antagonized by prazosin.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 17:50:14 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 17:50:14 GMT 2025
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| Record UNII |
30OMY4G3MK
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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NDF-RT |
N0000175554
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
124199
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NDF-RT |
N0000009918
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WHO-ATC |
C02AC02
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C270
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
405313
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WHO-VATC |
QC02AC02
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548586
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| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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Guanfacine
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30OMY4G3MK
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30OMY4G3MK
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522
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CHEMBL862
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759121
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DTXSID9046944
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DB01018
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40114
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29110-47-2
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D016316
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1343
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m5866
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3999
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249-442-8
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100000084474
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SUB07985MIG
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3519
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C61779
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GUANFACINE
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TARGET -> AGONIST | |||
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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BINDER->LIGAND |
BINDING
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PRODRUG -> METABOLITE ACTIVE |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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| Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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| Volume of Distribution | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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| Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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