Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C12H13N |
Molecular Weight | 171.2383 |
Optical Activity | ( + ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C#CCN[C@@H]1CCC2=CC=CC=C12
InChI
InChIKey=RUOKEQAAGRXIBM-GFCCVEGCSA-N
InChI=1S/C12H13N/c1-2-9-13-12-8-7-10-5-3-4-6-11(10)12/h1,3-6,12-13H,7-9H2/t12-/m1/s1
Molecular Formula | C12H13N |
Molecular Weight | 171.2383 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Rasagiline (N-propargyl-1-(R)-aminoindan) is a selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) inhibitor, which has been developed as an anti-Parkinson drug and was sold as a mesylate salt under brand name AZILECT. AZILECT is indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) as initial monotherapy and as adjunct therapy to levodopa. The effectiveness of AZILECT was demonstrated in patients with early Parkinson’s disease who were receiving AZILECT as monotherapy and who were not receiving any concomitant dopaminergic therapy. The effectiveness of AZILECT as adjunct therapy was demonstrated in patients with Parkinson’s disease who were treated with levodopa. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative, dopamine deficiency disorder. The main therapeutic strategies for PD treatment relies on dopamine precursors (levodopa), inhibition of dopamine metabolism (monoamine oxidase [MAO] B and catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors), and dopamine receptor agonists. In contrast to selegiline, rasagiline is not metabolized to potentially toxic amphetamine metabolites. The precise mechanisms of action of rasagiline is unknown. One mechanism is believed to be related to its MAO-B inhibitory activity, which causes an increase in extracellular levels of dopamine in the striatum.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2039 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19673610 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Primary | AZILECT Approved UseAZILECT (rasagiline tablets) is indicated for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). AZILECT, a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor (MAOI), is indicated for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (1) Launch Date2006 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
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56.13 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15628826 |
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
RASAGILINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
53.53 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15628826 |
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
RASAGILINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.17 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15628826 |
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
RASAGILINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
2.5 mg single, transdermal Dose: 2.5 mg Route: transdermal Route: single Dose: 2.5 mg Sources: |
healthy, 22–25 years n = 4 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 22–25 years Sex: M Population Size: 4 Sources: |
|
2 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 33 years n = 16 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 33 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: |
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2 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 33 years n = 16 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 33 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: |
Other AEs: Ear discomfort, Musculoskeletal pain... Other AEs: Ear discomfort (1 patient) Sources: Musculoskeletal pain (1 patient) |
4 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 62.0 years n = 14 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Early Parkinson’s Disease Age Group: 62.0 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 14 Sources: |
|
100 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 100 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 100 mg Sources: |
unknown, adult n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Serotonin syndrome... Other AEs: Serotonin syndrome (1 patient) Sources: |
3 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 3 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 3 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unknown, adult n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Hypertension, Orthostatic hypotension... Other AEs: Hypertension (1 patient) Sources: Orthostatic hypotension (1 patient) |
1 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 149 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson’s disease Age Group: adult Population Size: 149 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Hallucinations... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hallucinations Sources: |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Ear discomfort | 1 patient | 2 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 33 years n = 16 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 33 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: |
Musculoskeletal pain | 1 patient | 2 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 33 years n = 16 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 33 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: |
Serotonin syndrome | 1 patient | 100 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 100 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 100 mg Sources: |
unknown, adult n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Hypertension | 1 patient | 3 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 3 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 3 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unknown, adult n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Orthostatic hypotension | 1 patient | 3 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 3 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 3 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unknown, adult n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Hallucinations | Disc. AE | 1 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 149 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson’s disease Age Group: adult Population Size: 149 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021641s000_Azilect_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 56, 57, 69 |
major | yes (co-administration study) Comment: ciprofloxacin increased rasagiline AUC by 83% Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021641s000_Azilect_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 56, 57, 69 |
||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021641s000_Azilect_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 97.0 |
no | |||
no | no (co-administration study) Comment: hesperetin and narigenin enhanced the systemic exposure of rasagiline not through P-gp Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26530401/ |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 265.0 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
The anti-Parkinson drug rasagiline and its cholinesterase inhibitor derivatives exert neuroprotection unrelated to MAO inhibition in cell culture and in vivo. | 2001 Jun |
|
Neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors and derived metabolites under ischemia in PC12 cells. | 2002 Jan 11 |
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Test-retest reliability of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale in patients with early Parkinson's disease: results from a multicenter clinical trial. | 2002 Jul |
|
An anti-Parkinson's disease drug, N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan (rasagiline), enhances expression of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. | 2002 Jun 28 |
|
Mitochondria determine the survival and death in apoptosis by an endogenous neurotoxin, N-methyl(R)salsolinol, and neuroprotection by propargylamines. | 2002 May |
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Rasagiline. Teva Pharmaceutical. | 2002 May |
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Novel dual inhibitors of AChE and MAO derived from hydroxy aminoindan and phenethylamine as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. | 2002 Nov 21 |
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Involvement of MAP kinase in the regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing by novel cholinesterase inhibitors derived from rasagiline. | 2002 Oct |
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Neuroprotection by propargylamines in Parkinson's disease: suppression of apoptosis and induction of prosurvival genes. | 2002 Sep-Oct |
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors l-deprenyl and clorgyline protect nonmalignant human cells from ionising radiation and chemotherapy toxicity. | 2003 Nov 17 |
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The essentiality of Bcl-2, PKC and proteasome-ubiquitin complex activations in the neuroprotective-antiapoptotic action of the anti-Parkinson drug, rasagiline. | 2003 Oct 15 |
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Recent approaches to novel anti-Alzheimer therapy. | 2004 |
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A controlled, randomized, delayed-start study of rasagiline in early Parkinson disease. | 2004 Apr |
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Contrasting neuroprotective and neurotoxic actions of respective metabolites of anti-Parkinson drugs rasagiline and selegiline. | 2004 Jan 30 |
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Rasagiline enhances L-DOPA-induced contralateral turning in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned guinea-pig. | 2004 Jul |
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Regulation of protein kinase C by the anti-Parkinson drug, MAO-B inhibitor, rasagiline and its derivatives, in vivo. | 2004 Jun |
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Neuroprotective effect of rasagiline in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease. | 2004 Jun |
|
Crystal structures of monoamine oxidase B in complex with four inhibitors of the N-propargylaminoindan class. | 2004 Mar 25 |
|
Tolerability, safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of rasagiline: a potent, selective, and irreversible monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor. | 2004 Oct |
|
[The early therapy challenge]. | 2005 |
|
Alternatives to levodopa in the initial treatment of early Parkinson's disease. | 2005 |
|
Rasagiline. | 2005 |
|
Rasagiline. | 2005 Aug |
|
Neuroprotective effect of rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, on spontaneous cell degeneration in a rat model. | 2005 Aug |
|
Binding of rasagiline-related inhibitors to human monoamine oxidases: a kinetic and crystallographic analysis. | 2005 Dec 29 |
|
[Rasagiline. A new monoamine oxidase b inhibitor for Parkinson treatment]. | 2005 Jul |
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Parkinson's disease. Diagnosis and the initiation of therapy. | 2005 Jun |
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Rasagiline for motor complications in Parkinson's disease. | 2005 Mar 12-18 |
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Evidence-based medical review update: pharmacological and surgical treatments of Parkinson's disease: 2001 to 2004. | 2005 May |
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Recent advances in Parkinson's disease therapy: use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. | 2005 Nov |
|
Regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, neurotrophic factors, and APP processing in the neurorescue activity of propargylamine. | 2005 Nov |
|
Novel potential neuroprotective agents with both iron chelating and amino acid-based derivatives targeting central nervous system neurons. | 2005 Nov 25 |
|
In vivo measurement of brain monoamine oxidase B occupancy by rasagiline, using (11)C-l-deprenyl and PET. | 2005 Oct |
|
Rasagiline: defining the role of a novel therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. | 2006 Feb |
|
Rationale for considering that propargylamines might be neuroprotective in Parkinson's disease. | 2006 May 23 |
|
Safety of rasagiline in elderly patients with Parkinson disease. | 2006 May 9 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Monotherapy: the recommended AZILECT (RASAGILINE MESYLATE) dose for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease patients is 1 mg administered once daily.
Adjunctive Therapy: the recommended initial dose is 0.5 mg administered once daily. If a sufficient clinical response is not achieved, the dose may be increased to 1 mg administered once daily. Change of levodopa dose in adjunct therapy: When AZILECT is used in combination with levodopa, a reduction of the levodopa dosage may be considered based upon individual response. During the controlled trials of AZILECT as adjunct therapy to levodopa, levodopa dosage was reduced in some patients. In clinical studies, dosage reduction of levodopa was allowed within the first 6 weeks if dopaminergic side effects, including dyskinesia and hallucinations, emerged.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338509
The present series of in vitro experiments using the rat hippocampal slice preparation deals with effects of rasagiline and its metabolite R-(-)-aminoindan on the pyramidal cell response after electric stimulation of the Schaffer Collaterals in comparison to selegiline, another MAO B inhibitor. During the first series, this response was attenuated in the presence of rasagiline and aminoindan-to a lesser degree of selegiline-in a concentration dependent manner (5-50 μM) after single stimuli as well as under theta burst stimulation (TBS). The presence of rasagiline and aminoindan, but rarely the presence of selegiline, prevented this break down. Following glutamate receptor mediated enhancements of neuronal transmission in a second series of experiments very clear differences could be observed in comparison to the action of selegiline: NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor as well as metabotropic glutamate receptor mediated increases of transmission were concentration dependently (0,3 - 2 μM) antagonized by rasagiline and aminoindan, but not by selegiline. On the opposite, only selegiline attenuated kainate receptor mediated increases of excitability. Thus, both monoamino oxidase (MAO) B inhibitors show attenuation of glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus but interfere with different receptor mediated excitatory modulations at low concentrations.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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admin
on
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on
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Record UNII |
003N66TS6T
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C38149
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WHO-ATC |
N04BD02
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N0000175744
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NBK547919
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NDF-RT |
N0000000184
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C667
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QN04BD02
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE | |||
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
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RACEMATE -> ENANTIOMER |
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT | |||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE -> PARENT | |||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT | |||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT | |||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
major metabolite, 1(R)-aminoindan, which is not an MAO inhibitor, has been therapeutically active in animal models relevant to Parkinson?s disease
MAJOR
PLASMA
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE -> PARENT | |||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT | |||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
In vitro experiments indicate that both routes of rasagiline metabolism are dependent on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system, with CYP1A2 being the major isoenzyme involved in rasagiline metabolism
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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Volume of Distribution | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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Tmax | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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