DIAZEPAM

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C16H13ClN2O
Molecular Weight	284.74
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CN1C2=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)C(=NCC1=O)C3=CC=CC=C3

InChI

InChIKey=AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O/c1-19-14-8-7-12(17)9-13(14)16(18-10-15(19)20)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-9H,10H2,1H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/013263s092lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24552479

Diazepam is a benzodiazepine first discovered at Hoﬀman-La Roche in the late 1950s. Diazepam was approved by FDA for the treatment of anxiety disorders as well as for such conditions as skeletal muscle spasm, alcohol withdrawal syndrom and convulsions (under the most known brand Valium). The drug acts by binding to GABA-A receptors and potentiating GABA evoked current. Chronic diazepam use is associated with tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
GABA-A receptor; benzodiazepine site 37 Target ID: CHEMBL2109243 Sources: http://www.hamiltonhealthsciences.ca/workfiles/basehospital/diazepam.pdf	Agonist 2637		8.6 nM [Ki]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Anxiety 266 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/013263s092lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8307	VALIUM Approved Use Valium is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the shortterm relief of the symptoms of anxiety. In acute alcohol withdrawal, Valium may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis. Valium is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. Oral Valium may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy. Launch Date -1.93449607E11
Acute alcohol withdrawal 2 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/013263s092lbl.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8307	VALIUM Approved Use Valium is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the shortterm relief of the symptoms of anxiety. In acute alcohol withdrawal, Valium may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis. Valium is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. Oral Valium may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy. Launch Date -1.93449607E11
Muscle spasm 40 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/013263s092lbl.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8307	VALIUM Approved Use Valium is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the shortterm relief of the symptoms of anxiety. In acute alcohol withdrawal, Valium may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis. Valium is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. Oral Valium may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy. Launch Date -1.93449607E11
Convulsive disorders 2 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/013263s092lbl.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8307	VALIUM Approved Use Valium is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the shortterm relief of the symptoms of anxiety. In acute alcohol withdrawal, Valium may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis. Valium is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. Oral Valium may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy. Launch Date -1.93449607E11

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
317 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149	10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DIAZEPAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
75 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DIAZEPAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
172 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DIAZEPAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
208 ng/mL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01417078	20 mg single, intranasal dose: 20 mg route of administration: intranasal experiment type: single co-administered:	DIAZEPAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: unhealthy age: sex: food status:

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
1530 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149	10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DIAZEPAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
330 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DIAZEPAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
779 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DIAZEPAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
1227 ng*h/mL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01417078	20 mg single, intranasal dose: 20 mg route of administration: intranasal experiment type: single co-administered:	DIAZEPAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: unhealthy age: sex: food status:

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
48 h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf	unknown, oral		DIAZEPAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
2% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf	unknown, oral		DIAZEPAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
2000 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 2000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2000 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765	healthy, 28 years Health Status: healthy Age Group: 28 years Sex: M Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765
500 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 500 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 500 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765	unhealthy, 61 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 61 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	Other AEs: Respiratory depression, Abuse... Other AEs: Respiratory depression (serious\|grade 5) Abuse (serious\|grade 5) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 573 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Population Size: 573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	Disc. AE: Somnolence, Hypoventilation... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Somnolence (3 patients) Hypoventilation (2 patients) Rash (2 patients) Asthenia (1 patient) Hyperkinesia (1 patient) Incoordination (1 patient) Vasodilatation (1 patient) Urticaria (1 patient) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
10 mg 2 times / day multiple, intranasal Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 2 times / day Route: intranasal Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: benzodiazepines Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/211635s000lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/211635s000lbl.pdf	Other AEs: Respiratory depression... Other AEs: Respiratory depression (serious\|grade 5) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/211635s000lbl.pdf
10 mg 4 times / day multiple, intramuscular Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day Route: intramuscular Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day Co-administed with:: benzodiazepines Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: anxiety disorders Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf	Other AEs: Respiratory depression, Abuse... Other AEs: Respiratory depression (serious\|grade 5) Abuse (serious\|grade 5) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf
10 mg 4 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day Co-administed with:: OPIOIDS Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Anxiety Disorders Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf	Other AEs: Respiratory depression... Other AEs: Respiratory depression (serious\|grade 5) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Abuse	serious\|grade 5	0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Respiratory depression	serious\|grade 5	0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Asthenia	1 patient Disc. AE	0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 573 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Population Size: 573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Hyperkinesia	1 patient Disc. AE	0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 573 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Population Size: 573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Incoordination	1 patient Disc. AE	0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 573 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Population Size: 573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Urticaria	1 patient Disc. AE	0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 573 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Population Size: 573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Vasodilatation	1 patient Disc. AE	0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 573 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Population Size: 573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Hypoventilation	2 patients Disc. AE	0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 573 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Population Size: 573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Rash	2 patients Disc. AE	0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 573 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Population Size: 573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Somnolence	3 patients Disc. AE	0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: rectal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 573 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seizure activity Age Group: > 12 years Population Size: 573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Respiratory depression	serious\|grade 5	10 mg 2 times / day multiple, intranasal Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 2 times / day Route: intranasal Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: benzodiazepines Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/211635s000lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/211635s000lbl.pdf
Abuse	serious\|grade 5	10 mg 4 times / day multiple, intramuscular Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day Route: intramuscular Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day Co-administed with:: benzodiazepines Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: anxiety disorders Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf
Respiratory depression	serious\|grade 5	10 mg 4 times / day multiple, intramuscular Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day Route: intramuscular Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day Co-administed with:: benzodiazepines Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: anxiety disorders Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf
Respiratory depression	serious\|grade 5	10 mg 4 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day Co-administed with:: OPIOIDS Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Anxiety Disorders Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
substrate 1670	inhibitor 1695 substrate 985	inhibitor 1789 substrate 1168	inhibitor 1570

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP2A6 670 Cav1.2 45 Nav1.5 95 OCT3 143	CYP2C19 955 CYP1A2 1013 CYP2A6 510 CYP2B6 648 CYP2C8 670 CYP2E1 633 CYP3A5 383

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP2A6 702	inhibitor 3185 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2001/020648_S002_DIASTAT_AP.pdf#page=8 Page: 8.0	no
CYP2C9 1747	inhibitor 3185 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2001/020648_S002_DIASTAT_AP.pdf#page=8 Page: 8.0	no
CYP2D6 1826	inhibitor 3185 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2001/020648_S002_DIASTAT_AP.pdf#page=8 Page: 8.0	no
OCT3 143	inhibitor 3185 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00424-013-1335-8 Page: 1.0	strong [IC50 2 uM]

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP2B6 648	substrate 3264 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948091/ Page: 1.0	major
CYP2C19 955	substrate 3264 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2001/020648_S002_DIASTAT_AP.pdf#page=8 Page: 8.0	major
CYP3A4 1670	substrate 3264 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2001/020648_S002_DIASTAT_AP.pdf#page=8 Page: 8.0	major
CYP3A5 383	substrate 3264 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948091/ Page: 1.0	major
CYP1A2 1013	substrate 3264 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948091/ Page: 1.0	yes
CYP2A6 510	substrate 3264 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948091/ Page: 1.0	yes
CYP2C8 670	substrate 3264 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948091/ Page: 1.0	yes
CYP2C9 985	substrate 3264 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948091/ Page: 1.0	yes
CYP2D6 1168	substrate 3264 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948091/ Page: 1.0	yes
CYP2E1 633	substrate 3264 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948091/ Page: 1.0	yes

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
Cav1.2 49	inhibitor 1584 Sources: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fsrep02100/MediaObjects/41598_2013_BFsrep02100_MOESM1_ESM.pdf#page=3 Page: 3.0
Nav1.5 98	inhibitor 1584 Sources: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fsrep02100/MediaObjects/41598_2013_BFsrep02100_MOESM1_ESM.pdf#page=3 Page: 3.0
hERG 1603	inhibitor 1584 Sources: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fsrep02100/MediaObjects/41598_2013_BFsrep02100_MOESM1_ESM.pdf#page=3 Page: 3.0

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:49575	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:49575
ZINC	ZINC000000006427	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000006427
eMolecules	536763	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=536763

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Letter: Clonazepam in the treatment of drug-induced dyskinesia.	1975 Feb 1	1111773
The influence of aldosterone and anticonvulsant drugs on electroencephalographic and clinical disturbances induced by the spirolactone derivative, potassium canrenoate.	1975 Jan	1110371
The effect of cold and diazepam on the toxicity of fenfluramine in mice.	1975 Mar 15	1116545
Chronic cocaine differentially affects diazepam's anxiolytic and anticonvulsant actions. Relationship to GABA(A) receptor subunit expression.	2000 Nov 3	11056193
Etomidate-induced convulsion prior to electroconvulsive therapy.	2000 Oct	11116789
Analgesic effect of intravenous ketamine in cancer patients on morphine therapy: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover, double-dose study.	2000 Oct	11027905
Flumazenil prevents diazepam-elicited anticonvulsant action and concomitant attenuation of glutamate overflow.	2000 Oct 27	11050301
[Potentiation of local anesthesia in endonasal surgery].	2001	11247245
[Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in gynecologic surgery with 3 fixed doses of metoclopramide, droperidol or placebo].	2001 Feb	11257953
Molecular modeling and QSAR analysis of the interaction of flavone derivatives with the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA(A) receptor complex.	2001 Feb	11249125
Prenatal stress and postnatal development of neonatal rats--sex-dependent effects on emotional behavior and learning ability of neonatal rats.	2001 Feb	11226753
Acyl-CoA binding protein is essential in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei.	2001 Feb	11223138
Effects of different preparations of propofol, diazepam, and etomidate on human neutrophils in vitro.	2001 Feb	11167168
Regional and subunit-specific downregulation of acid-sensing ion channels in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy.	2001 Feb	11162239
Diazepam in the treatment of GHB dependence.	2001 Feb	11157447
[Premedication in ambulatory surgery].	2001 Feb 12	11228790
A model of atypical absence seizures: EEG, pharmacology, and developmental characterization.	2001 Feb 13	11171899
[Febrile convulsions, Treatment and prognosis].	2001 Feb 19	11242670
Alterations in cerebral diazepam binding inhibitor expression in drug dependence: a possible biochemical alteration common to drug dependence.	2001 Feb 2	11233989
[Premedication for endoscopy].	2001 Feb 2	11225389
Inhibition of shock-induced foot tapping behaviour in the gerbil by a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist.	2001 Feb 2	11166289
Evaluation of native GABA(A) receptors containing an alpha 5 subunit.	2001 Feb 9	11173064
Chronic benzodiazepine administration facilitates the subsequent development of ethanol dependence.	2001 Feb 9	11164828
Neuropharmacological actions of some binuclear lanthanide(III) complexes.	2001 Jan	11166680
Sedative properties of the decoction of the rhizome of Cyperus articulatus.	2001 Jan	11163936
Treatment of nonfebrile status epilepticus in Rochester, Minn, from 1965 through 1984.	2001 Jan	11155411
Radial entrapment neuropathy due to chronic injection-induced triceps fibrosis.	2001 Jan	11150979
The effects of diazepam on sleep spindles: a qualitative and quantitative analysis.	2001 Jan	11150899
Diazepam increases the number of punished responses in a conflict-operant paradigm during late proestrus and estrus in the Wistar rat.	2001 Jan	11150896
The octadecaneuropeptide ODN stimulates neurosteroid biosynthesis through activation of central-type benzodiazepine receptors.	2001 Jan	11145985
Thiopentone induction dose requirement in dogs is little influenced by co-administration of diazepam or prior treatment with phenobarbitone or corticosteroids, but is reduced in the presence of brain pathology.	2001 Jan	11145834
Effects of antiepileptic drugs on rat platelet aggregation: ex vivo and in vitro study.	2001 Jan	11137387
Evaluating the use of benzodiazepines following recent bereavement.	2001 Jan	11136208
The efficacy of oral clonidine premedication in the prevention of postoperative vomiting in children following strabismus surgery.	2001 Jan	11123735
Enhanced cortical extracellular levels of cholecystokinin-like material in a model of anticipation of social defeat in the rat.	2001 Jan 1	11150343
Diazepam and nicotine increase social interaction in gerbils: a test for anxiolytic action.	2001 Jan 12	11150490
Long-term reduction of benzodiazepine receptor density in the rat cerebellum by acute seizures and kindling and its recovery 6 months later by a pentylenetetrazole challenge.	2001 Jan 12	11150477
Detection of aneuploidy in rodent and human sperm by multicolor FISH after chronic exposure to diazepam.	2001 Jan 25	11152967
In vivo, the direct and seizure-induced neuronal cytotoxicity of kainate and AMPA is modified by the non-competitive antagonist, GYKI 52466.	2001 Jan 26	11164769
[3H]Ro 15-1788 binding sites to brain membrane of the saltwater Mugil cephalus.	2001 Mar	11255103
Effect of leaf essential oil from Piper solmsianum C.DC. in mice behaviour.	2001 Mar	11246267
Anxiogenic-like effects limit rewarding effects of cocaine in balb/cbyj mice.	2001 Mar	11166520
Modulation of GABA(A) receptors by benzodiazepines and barbiturates is autonomous of PKC activation.	2001 Mar	11166325
Pharmacological evidence for a role of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor mechanism in modulating nitric oxide synthase activity in rat brain.	2001 Mar	11099778
Trimethylolpropane phosphate induces epileptiform discharges in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus.	2001 Mar 1	11222088
Dual effects of melatonin on barbiturate-induced narcosis in rats.	2001 Mar 16	11226639
Systemic EMD 68843 injections reduce anxiety in the shock-probe, but not the plus-maze test.	2001 Mar 2	11239925
The octadecaneuropeptide [diazepam-binding inhibitor (33-50)] exerts potent anorexigenic effects in rodents.	2001 Mar 2	11239923
Targeted disruption of the GABA(A) receptor delta subunit gene leads to an up-regulation of gamma 2 subunit-containing receptors in cerebellar granule cells.	2001 Mar 30	11136737
The R100Q mutation of the GABA(A) alpha(6) receptor subunit may contribute to voluntary aversion to ethanol in the sNP rat line.	2001 Mar 5	11245930

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Tale 2-10 mg, 2 to 4 times daily.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Rat brain membranes were treated with diazepam (1-1000 nM) and the drug was shown to enhance the effects of iontophoretically applied GABA.

Name

Type

Language

DIAZEPAM

Official Name

English

VALTOCO

Brand Name

English

RO 5-2807

Code

English

DIAZEPAM [VANDF]

Common Name

English

ANSIOLISINA

Common Name

English

DIAZEPAM CIV

Common Name

English

VALIUM

Brand Name

English

LA-III

Code

English

DIAZEPAM [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

DIZAC

Brand Name

English

SERVIZEPAM

Common Name

English

DIAZEPAM [IARC]

Common Name

English

RO-5-2807

Code

English

DIAZEPAM [USAN]

Common Name

English

DIASTAT

Brand Name

English

NSC-77518

Code

English

LA III

Code

English

2H-1,4-BENZODIAZEPIN-2-ONE, 7-CHLORO-1,3-DIHYDRO-1-METHYL-5-PHENYL-

Systematic Name

English

NSC-169897

Code

English

DIAZEPAM [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

RO-52807

Code

English

7-CHLORO-1-METHYL-5-PHENYL-3H-1,4-BENZODIAZEPIN-2(1H)-ONE

Systematic Name

English

DIAZEPAM [HSDB]

Common Name

English

WY-3467

Code

English

METHYL DIAZEPINONE

Systematic Name

English

CENTRAZEPAM

Common Name

English

Q-PAM

Brand Name

English

7-CHLORO-1,3-DIHYDRO-1-METHYL-5-PHENYL-2H-1,4-BENZODIAZEPINE-2-ONE

Systematic Name

English

VALRELEASE

Brand Name

English

DIAZEPAM [MART.]

Common Name

English

DIACEPIN

Common Name

English

Diazepam [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

DIAZEPAM [MI]

Common Name

English

diazepam [INN]

Common Name

English

DIAZEPAM [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

DIAZEPAM [JAN]

Common Name

English

NRL-1

Code

English

DIAZEPAM [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

DIAZEPAM CIV [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one

Systematic Name

English

TRANQUASE

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NDF-RT

N0000007542

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

384112

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

EPA PESTICIDE CODE

600069

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

334911

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

518316

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST

8.4

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022

LIVERTOX

NBK548352

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

WHO-VATC

QN05BA01

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

543516

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

638118

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST

24.3

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022

WHO-ATC

N05BA01

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST

05

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

382512

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

DEA NO.

2765

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

NCI_THESAURUS

C1012

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

61591

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

NDF-RT

N0000175694

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

Code System Code Type Description

RS_ITEM_NUM

1185008

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

MERCK INDEX

M4267

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

Merck Index

NSC

169897

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

RXCUI

3322

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

RxNorm

MESH

D003975

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

HSDB

3057

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

LACTMED

Diazepam

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

DRUG BANK

DB00829

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

EPA CompTox

DTXSID4020406

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

DRUG CENTRAL

852

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

WIKIPEDIA

DIAZEPAM

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

EVMPD

SUB07069MIG

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

IUPHAR

3364

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

FDA UNII

Q3JTX2Q7TU

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

NCI_THESAURUS

C28982

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

INN

1295

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

CAS

439-14-5

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

PUBCHEM

3016

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

ChEMBL

CHEMBL12

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

CHEBI

49575

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

ECHA (EC/EINECS)

207-122-5

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

DAILYMED

Q3JTX2Q7TU

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

NSC

77518

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:02 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

WHO INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPEIA

DIAZEPAM

Created by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Sun Dec 18 19:45:03 UTC 2022

PRIMARY

Description: A white or almost white, crystalline powder; odourless or almost odourless. Solubility: Very slightly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS. Category: Tranquillizer. Storage: Diazepam should be kept in a well-closed container, protected from light. Definition: Diazepam contains not less than 99.0% and not more than 101.0% of C16H13ClN2O, calculated with reference to the dried substance.

ACTIVE MOIETY