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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C25H29I2NO3
Molecular Weight 645.3116
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of AMIODARONE

SMILES

CCCCC1=C(C(=O)C2=CC(I)=C(OCCN(CC)CC)C(I)=C2)C3=C(O1)C=CC=C3

InChI

InChIKey=IYIKLHRQXLHMJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C25H29I2NO3/c1-4-7-11-22-23(18-10-8-9-12-21(18)31-22)24(29)17-15-19(26)25(20(27)16-17)30-14-13-28(5-2)6-3/h8-10,12,15-16H,4-7,11,13-14H2,1-3H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description

Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic with mainly class III properties, but it possesses electrophysiologic characteristics of all four Vaughan Williams classes. Like class I drugs, amiodarone blocks sodium channels at rapid pacing frequencies, and like class II drugs, amiodarone exerts a noncompetitive antisympathetic action. In addition to blocking sodium channels, amiodarone blocks myocardial potassium channels, which contributes to slowing of conduction and prolongation of refractoriness. It is indicated for initiation of treatment and prophylaxis of frequently recurring ventricular fibrillation and hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia in patients refractory to other therapy. The most common adverse reactions (1-2%) leading to discontinuation of intravenous amiodarone therapy are hypotension, asystole/cardiac arrest/pulseless electrical activity, VT, and cardiogenic shock. Other important adverse reactions are, torsade de pointes (TdP), congestive heart failure, and liver function test abnormalities. Fluoroquinolones, macrolide antibiotics, and azoles are known to cause QTc prolongation. There have been reports of QTc prolongation, with or without TdP, in patients taking amiodarone when fluoroquinolones, macrolide antibiotics, or azoles were administered concomitantly. Since amiodarone is a substrate for CYP3A and CYP2C8, drugs/substances that inhibit these isoenzymes may decrease the metabolism and increase serum concentration of amiodarone.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
9.8 µM [IC50]

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
PACERONE
Primary
PACERONE

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
23.8 ng/mL
2.5 mg/kg single, intravenous
DESETHYLAMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
13660 ng/mL
5 mg/kg single, intravenous
AMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
2920 ng/mL
1.25 mg/kg single, intravenous
AMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
7140 ng/mL
2.5 mg/kg single, intravenous
AMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
41.2 ng/mL
5 mg/kg single, intravenous
DESETHYLAMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
9 ng/mL
1.25 mg/kg single, intravenous
DESETHYLAMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
1.7 mg/L
800 mg single, oral
AMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
16600 ng × h/mL
5 mg/kg single, intravenous
AMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
3600 ng × h/mL
1.25 mg/kg single, intravenous
AMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
8100 ng × h/mL
2.5 mg/kg single, intravenous
AMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
16900 ng × h/mL
5 mg/kg single, intravenous
DESETHYLAMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
14.6 day
5 mg/kg single, intravenous
AMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
14.2 day
5 mg/kg single, intravenous
DESETHYLAMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens
4.62 h
800 mg single, oral
AMIODARONE serum
Homo sapiens

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
0.023%
200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
AMIODARONE plasma
Homo sapiens

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer







Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as victim

Tox targets

PubMed

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Intravenous: Initial dose: 1000 mg over the first 24 hours of therapy, delivered by the following infusion regimen: -Loading infusions: 150 mg over the first 10 minutes (15 mg/min), followed by 360 mg over the next 6 hours (1 mg/min) -Maintenance infusion: 540 mg over the remaining 18 hours (0.5 mg/min) Maintenance dose: After the first 24 hours, continue the maintenance infusion rate of 0.5 mg/min; may increase infusion rate to achieve effective arrhythmia suppression. -Supplemental infusions: 150 mg over 10 minutes (15 mg/min) for breakthrough episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) or hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia(VT) Maximum dose: Initial infusion rate: 30 mg/min Oral: Loading dose: 800 to 1600 mg orally per day for 1 to 3 weeks (occasionally longer) until adequate arrhythmia control is achieved or if side effects become prominent, then switch to adjustment dose Adjustment dose: 600 to 800 mg orally per day for 1 month, then switch to maintenance dose Maintenance dose: 400 mg orally per day
Route of Administration: Other
In Vitro Use Guide
At concentrations ranging from 75-200 uM, amiodarone induced a significant and dose-dependent release of 51Cr in FRTL-5 cells. In the same molar concentrations, amiodarone was also cytotoxic in CHO cells. In hTF, the release of 51Cr produced by amiodarone occurred at a lower concentration (37.5 vs. 75 uM) and was significantly greater than that in FRTL-5 cells.