Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C7H8N4O2 |
Molecular Weight | 180.164 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CN1C2=C(N=CN2)C(=O)N(C)C1=O
InChI
InChIKey=ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-5-4(8-3-9-5)6(12)11(2)7(10)13/h3H,1-2H3,(H,8,9)
DescriptionCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9676340 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27713276
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9676340 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27713276
Since its discovery as component of the tea leaf by Albert Kossel in 1888, the history of theophylline (CAS 58-55-9) has been a long and successful one. At the turn of the century, theophylline became less expensive due to chemical synthesis and was primarily used as diuretic in subsequent years. It was Samuel Hirsch who discovered the bronchospasmolytic effect of theophylline in 1992, however, despite this pioneering discovery theophylline continued to be used primarily as diuretic and cardiac remedy. The molecular mechanism of bronchodilatation is inhibition of phosphodiesterase(PDE)3 and PDE4, but the anti-inflammatory effect may be due to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activation, resulting in switching off of activated inflammatory genes.
Theophylline is indicated for the treatment of acute exacerbations of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with asthma and other chronic lung diseases, e.g., emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Originator
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9676340
Curator's Comment: Albert Kossel discovered theophylline as a component of the tea leaf
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094125 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL2093863 |
|||
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | THEOPHYLLINE AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER Approved UseTheophylline is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma and other chronic lung diseases, e.g., emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Launch Date1982 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
7.3 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7332727/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THEOPHYLLINE serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
95.5 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7332727/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THEOPHYLLINE serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
8.51 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7332727/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THEOPHYLLINE serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
41% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7332727/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THEOPHYLLINE serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
20 mg/mL steady, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 20 mg/mL Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 20 mg/mL Sources: |
unhealthy, 39 years (51 % < 40 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 39 years (51 % < 40 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Vomiting... Other AEs: Vomiting... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Vomiting (grade 3, 5.75%) Other AEs:Vomiting (12.64%) Sources: |
1200 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 66 ± 9 |
Disc. AE: Gastrointestinal discomfort, Supraventricular tachycardia... Other AEs: Tremor, Nervousness... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Gastrointestinal discomfort (grade 3, 16.7%) Other AEs:Supraventricular tachycardia (grade 3, 16.7%) Tremor (16.7%) Sources: Nervousness (16.7%) Dysrhythmias (grade 1, 16.7%) |
800 mg single, oral Recommended |
unhealthy, 66 ± 9 |
|
800 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 800 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 800 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 66 ± 9 |
|
1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Other AEs: Generalized epileptic seizure, Cardiac arrhythmias... Other AEs: Generalized epileptic seizure (grade 4-5) Sources: Cardiac arrhythmias (grade 4-5) Calcium increased serum Creatine kinase increased Blood myoglobin increased Leukocyte count increased Serum phosphate decreased Magnesium serum decreased Acute myocardial infarction Obstructive uropathy Cardio-respiratory arrest (grade 5) Hypoxic encephalopathy (grade 5) |
1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Other AEs: Vomiting, Hypokalemia... Other AEs: Vomiting (30%) Sources: Hypokalemia (44%) Hyperglycemia (18%) Acid-base balance abnoraml (9%) Sinus tachycardia (100%) Supraventricular tachycardia (12%) Premature ventricular ectopic beats (10%) Atrial flutter/ fibrillation (12%) Multifocal atrial tachycardia (2%) Hemodynamic instability (40%) Tremor (16%) Seizures (14%) |
1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Other AEs: Vomiting, Abdominal pain... Other AEs: Vomiting (61%) Sources: Abdominal pain (12%) Diarrhea (14%) Hematemesis (2%) Hypokalemia (43%) Acid-base balance abnoraml (9%) Sinus tachycardia (62%) Supraventricular tachycardia (14%) Premature ventricular ectopic beats (19%) Hypotension (8%) Nervousness (21%) Tremor (14%) Disorientation (11%) Seizures (5%) |
10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Other AEs: Vomiting, Hypokalemia... Other AEs: Vomiting (73%) Sources: Hypokalemia (85%) Hyperglycemia (98%) Acid-base balance abnoraml (34%) Sinus tachycardia (100%) Supraventricular tachycardia (2%) Premature ventricular ectopic beats (3%) Atrial flutter/ fibrillation (1%) Hemodynamic instability (7%) Tremor (38%) Seizures (5%) |
10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Other AEs: Abdominal pain, Rhabdomyolysis... Other AEs: Abdominal pain (21%) Sources: Rhabdomyolysis (7%) Hypotension (21%) Nervousness (64%) Disorientation (7%) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Vomiting | 12.64% | 20 mg/mL steady, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 20 mg/mL Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 20 mg/mL Sources: |
unhealthy, 39 years (51 % < 40 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 39 years (51 % < 40 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Vomiting | grade 3, 5.75% Disc. AE |
20 mg/mL steady, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 20 mg/mL Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 20 mg/mL Sources: |
unhealthy, 39 years (51 % < 40 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 39 years (51 % < 40 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Nervousness | 16.7% | 1200 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 66 ± 9 |
Tremor | 16.7% | 1200 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 66 ± 9 |
Dysrhythmias | grade 1, 16.7% | 1200 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 66 ± 9 |
Gastrointestinal discomfort | grade 3, 16.7% Disc. AE |
1200 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 66 ± 9 |
Supraventricular tachycardia | grade 3, 16.7% Disc. AE |
1200 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 66 ± 9 |
Acute myocardial infarction | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
|
Blood myoglobin increased | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
|
Calcium increased serum | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
|
Creatine kinase increased | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
|
Leukocyte count increased | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
|
Magnesium serum decreased | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
|
Obstructive uropathy | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
|
Serum phosphate decreased | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
|
Cardiac arrhythmias | grade 4-5 | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Generalized epileptic seizure | grade 4-5 | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Cardio-respiratory arrest | grade 5 | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Hypoxic encephalopathy | grade 5 | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Premature ventricular ectopic beats | 10% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Sinus tachycardia | 100% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Atrial flutter/ fibrillation | 12% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Supraventricular tachycardia | 12% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Seizures | 14% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Tremor | 16% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Hyperglycemia | 18% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Multifocal atrial tachycardia | 2% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Vomiting | 30% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Hemodynamic instability | 40% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Hypokalemia | 44% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Acid-base balance abnoraml | 9% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Disorientation | 11% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Abdominal pain | 12% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Diarrhea | 14% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Supraventricular tachycardia | 14% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Tremor | 14% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Premature ventricular ectopic beats | 19% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Hematemesis | 2% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Nervousness | 21% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Hypokalemia | 43% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Seizures | 5% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Vomiting | 61% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Sinus tachycardia | 62% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Hypotension | 8% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Acid-base balance abnoraml | 9% | 1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Atrial flutter/ fibrillation | 1% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Sinus tachycardia | 100% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Supraventricular tachycardia | 2% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Premature ventricular ectopic beats | 3% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Acid-base balance abnoraml | 34% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Tremor | 38% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Seizures | 5% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Hemodynamic instability | 7% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Vomiting | 73% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Hypokalemia | 85% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Hyperglycemia | 98% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Abdominal pain | 21% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Hypotension | 21% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Nervousness | 64% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Disorientation | 7% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
Rhabdomyolysis | 7% | 10 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 10 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg Sources: |
unknown Health Status: unknown Sources: |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Resin hemoperfusion as treatment for theophylline-induced seizures. | 1979 Jun |
|
Successful resuscitation of a verapamil-intoxicated patient with percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass. | 1999 Dec |
|
[A case of acute renal failure with rhabdomyolysis caused by the interaction of theophylline and clarithromycin]. | 1999 Jun |
|
Effects of Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to, a Japanese Kampo medicine, on tachycardia and central nervous system stimulation induced by theophylline in rats and mice. | 1999 Mar |
|
Gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid receptors may mediate theophylline-induced seizures in mice. | 1999 Mar |
|
Effects of theophylline, dexamethasone and salbutamol on cytokine gene expression in human peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells. | 1999 Nov |
|
Actions of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist KW-6002 on drug-induced catalepsy and hypokinesia caused by reserpine or MPTP. | 1999 Nov |
|
[A case of acute theophylline intoxication with repeated status convulsivus]. | 1999 Nov |
|
Theophylline, aminophylline, caffeine and analogues for acute ischaemic stroke. | 2000 |
|
Theophylline, pentostatin (Nipent), and chlorambucil: a dose-escalation study targeting intrinsic biologic resistance mechanisms in patients with relapsed lymphoproliferative disorders. | 2000 Apr |
|
Doxofylline: a new generation xanthine bronchodilator devoid of major cardiovascular adverse effects. | 2001 |
|
A novel method for measuring gel strength of controlled release hydrogel tablets using a cone/plate rheometer. | 2001 |
|
Rat ventral prostate xanthine oxidase bioactivation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and 1-hydroxyethyl free radicals: analysis of its potential role in heavy alcohol drinking tumor-promoting effects. | 2001 |
|
Caffeine metabolism before and after liver transplantation. | 2001 Feb |
|
Therapeutic options for the management of patients with cardiac syndrome X. | 2001 Feb |
|
Anti-inflammatory effects of ABT-702, a novel non-nucleoside adenosine kinase inhibitor, in rat adjuvant arthritis. | 2001 Feb |
|
Mechanism of prolonged vasorelaxation to ATP in the rat isolated mesenteric arterial bed. | 2001 Feb |
|
Facilitative effects of an adenosine A1/A2 receptor blockade on spatial memory performance of rats: selective enhancement of reference memory retention during the light period. | 2001 Jan 8 |
|
Adenosine diphosphate ribose dilates bovine coronary small arteries through apyrase- and 5'-nucleotidase-mediated metabolism. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Purinergic contribution to circulatory, metabolic, and adrenergic responses to acute hypoxemia in fetal sheep. | 2001 Mar |
|
Cytosolic xanthine oxidoreductase mediated bioactivation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and free radicals in rat breast tissue. Its potential role in alcohol-promoted mammary cancer. | 2001 Mar 7 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
For a given population there is no single theophylline dose that will provide both safe
and effective serum concentrations for all patients. The dose of theophylline must be individualized on the basis of serum theophylline concentration measurements in order to achieve a dose that will provide maximum potential benefit with minimal risk of adverse effects.
Route of Administration:
Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24231152
1 mM theophylline inhibited histamine release from human skin mast cells
Name | Type | Language | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Preferred Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Code | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English |
Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
NCI_THESAURUS |
C319
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
||
|
NCI_THESAURUS |
C221
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
||
|
NDF-RT |
N0000008118
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
||
|
NDF-RT |
N0000175790
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
||
|
WHO-ATC |
R03DB02
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
||
|
NDF-RT |
N0000008118
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2066
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
SUB40136
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
100000091484
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DB00277
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
0I55128JYK
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
m10706
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
|
3399
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
91178
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
|
0I55128JYK
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
58-55-9
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DTXSID5021336
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
28177
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
200-385-7
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
SUB15516MIG
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
2153
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
C61968
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
1653117
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:42 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY |
ACTIVE MOIETY
METABOLITE ACTIVE (PARENT)
METABOLITE ACTIVE (PARENT)
METABOLITE INACTIVE (PARENT)
METABOLITE INACTIVE (PARENT)
PARENT (METABOLITE)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)