Bicisate hydrochloride is a ligand that is used to form a complex with technetium. Tc99m Bicisate forms a stable, lipophilic complex that crosses intact cell membranes and blood brain barrier by passive diffusion. The amount of tc99m bicisate is stable in the brain until about 6 hours. Tc99m bicisate is indicated as an adjunct to conventional CT or MRI imaging in the localization of stroke in patients in whom stroke has already been diagnosed.

Asparagine is a non-essential amino acid, which is synthesized in the human body from L-aspartate by Asparagine synthetase. Asparagine is required for the synthesis of many important cellular proteins in normal human cells. Many tumor cells do not have this capacity, due to a lack of the enzyme L-asparagine synthetase, and therefore require an exogenous supply of the amino acid. This amino acid participates in the functions of the brain and nervous system. Asparagine may come from food or be taken as a dietary supplement.

Asparagine is a non-essential amino acid, which is synthesized in the human body from L-aspartate by Asparagine synthetase. Asparagine is required for the synthesis of many important cellular proteins in normal human cells. Many tumor cells do not have this capacity, due to a lack of the enzyme L-asparagine synthetase, and therefore require an exogenous supply of the amino acid. This amino acid participates in the functions of the brain and nervous system. Asparagine may come from food or be taken as a dietary supplement.

Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid and is not incorporated into proteins. Taurine is considered conditionally essential because it cannot be synthesized by infants younger than 4-6 weeks, and it may not be adequately synthesized in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition and patients with short-term hypermetabolic conditions. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes. Taurin occurs naturally in fish and meat. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg. Taurine is a component of energy drinks, with many contain 1000 mg per serving. In medicine, taurine supplementation demonstrated efficacy in relieving symptoms of heart failure, hepatitis, hypertension and psychotic disorder. Taurine exerts many physiological functions, including membrane stabilization, osmoregulation and cytoprotective effects, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as modulation of intracellular calcium concentration and ion channel function. In addition taurine may control muscle metabolism and gene expression, through yet unclear mechanisms. The cellular and biochemical mechanisms mediating the actions of taurine are not fully known.

Proline (L-Proline) is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Proline is used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient and as an active substance in nutritional supplements. Proline is not commonly used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient. It is approved for use in Privigen (IVIg) and Hizentra (SCIg) solution for injection as a stabiliser for IgG. Proline is also contained in low amounts in several vaccines, e.g. Havrix 720 Kinder (Hepatitis A).

Proline (L-Proline) is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Proline is used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient and as an active substance in nutritional supplements. Proline is not commonly used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient. It is approved for use in Privigen (IVIg) and Hizentra (SCIg) solution for injection as a stabiliser for IgG. Proline is also contained in low amounts in several vaccines, e.g. Havrix 720 Kinder (Hepatitis A).

Proline (L-Proline) is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Proline is used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient and as an active substance in nutritional supplements. Proline is not commonly used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient. It is approved for use in Privigen (IVIg) and Hizentra (SCIg) solution for injection as a stabiliser for IgG. Proline is also contained in low amounts in several vaccines, e.g. Havrix 720 Kinder (Hepatitis A).

Montmorillonite is a very soft phyllosilicate group of minerals that form when they precipitate from water solution as microscopic crystals, known as clay. Montmorillonite is a typical weathering of aluminosilicates and one of the main minerals in many soils. Montmorillonite is the main component of bentonite that found in many sedimentary rocks. Due to its high adsorption properties, montmorillonite is used in the oil, textile, paper, and soap industries as an active component of bleaching and cloth clay. Montmorillonite is used in the oil drilling industry as a component of drilling mud, making the mud slurry viscous, which helps in keeping the drill bit cool and removing drilled solids. It is also used as a soil additive to hold soil water in drought-prone soils, used in the construction of earthen dams and levees, and to prevent the leakage of fluids. It is also used as a component of foundry sand and as a desiccant to remove moisture from air and gases. Montmorillonite is effective as an adsorptive of heavy metals and has been used and eaten from ancient time till now. For external use, montmorillonite has been used to treat contact dermatitis and in the materials produced for orthopedics, traumatology, dentistry.

Avizafone is a water-soluble peptide prodrug of diazepam that is hydrolyzed by an aminopeptidase to liberate lysine and diazepam Avizafone was developed by the French military to terminate seizures caused by battlefield nerve agents. Diazepam has a faster entry to the general circulation and achieved higher maximum concentration after injection of prodrug than after the parent drug and this is extremely valuable in nerve agents poisoning conditions.

Diiodotyrosine (DIT) is a regulatory ligand for thyroid peroxidase, enzyme, which is involved in the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), the thyroid hormones. Diiodotyrosine was proposed to be a new marker of leukocyte phagocytic activity in sepsis and severe infections.