Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C5H9NO2.ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 151.591 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1
InChI
InChIKey=UAGFTQCWTTYZKO-WCCKRBBISA-N
InChI=1S/C5H9NO2.ClH/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4;/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8);1H/t4-;/m0./s1
| Molecular Formula | ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 36.461 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C5H9NO2 |
| Molecular Weight | 115.1305 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Proline (L-Proline) is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Proline is used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient and as an active substance in nutritional supplements. Proline is not commonly used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient. It is approved for use in Privigen (IVIg) and Hizentra (SCIg) solution for injection as a stabiliser for IgG. Proline is also contained in low amounts in several vaccines, e.g. Havrix 720 Kinder (Hepatitis A).
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: O43272|||Q9UF13 Gene ID: 5625.0 Gene Symbol: PRODH Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
|||
Target ID: OH radicals |
|||
Target ID: Q495M3 Gene ID: 153201.0 Gene Symbol: SLC36A2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | FREAMINE III 10% Approved UseParenteral nutrition with 8.5% FreAmine® III (Amino Acid Injection) with Electrolytes is
indicated to prevent nitrogen loss or treat negative nitrogen balance in adults and pediatric
patients, where (1) the alimentary tract, by the oral, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy route, cannot or
should not be used, or adequate protein intake is not feasible by these routes; (2) gastrointestinal
absorption of protein is impaired; or (3) protein requirements are substantially increased as with
extensive burns. Dosage, route of administration, and concomitant infusion of non-protein
calories are dependent on various factors, such as nutritional metabolic status of the patient, anticipated duration of parenteral nutritional support, and vein tolerance Launch Date1971 |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Recognition and stabilization of a unique CPRI--structural motif in cucurbitaceae family trypsin inhibitor peptides: molecular dynamics based homology modeling using the X-ray structure of MCTI-II. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Development and characterization of tissue-engineered aortic valves. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Comparison of in vitro systems of protein digestion using either mammal or fish proteolytic enzymes. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Construction of phosphatidylethanolamine-less strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Effect on amino acid transport. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Importance of a proline-rich sequence in the amino-terminal region for correct folding of mitochondrial and soluble microbial p450s. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Non-alpha-helical elements modulate polytopic membrane protein architecture. | 2001 Feb 16 |
|
| Cloning of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters from monkey brain: relevance to cocaine sensitivity. | 2001 Feb 19 |
|
| The adaptive regulation of amino acid transport system A is associated to changes in ATA2 expression. | 2001 Feb 9 |
|
| Autoregulation of the biosynthesis of the CcpA-like protein, PepR1, in Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Reduction of wobble-position GC bases in Corynebacteria genes and enhancement of PCR and heterologous expression. | 2001 Jan |
|
| [A case of bilateral coronal craniosynostosis with the P250R mutation in FGFR3 gene]. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Polymorphism of TP53 codon 72 and the risk of cervical cancer among Korean women. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Isolation and analysis of an aciclovir-resistant murine cytomegalovirus mutant. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Phosphorylation of thr(668) in the cytoplasmic domain of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein by stress-activated protein kinase 1b (Jun N-terminal kinase-3). | 2001 Jan |
|
| Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase in vitro and in vivo by members of a novel series of phenanthrolinones. | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
| Absence of association between HPV DNA, TP53 codon 72 polymorphism, and risk of oesophageal cancer in a high-risk area of China. | 2001 Jan 26 |
|
| Methanococcus jannaschii prolyl-cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase possesses overlapping amino acid binding sites. | 2001 Jan 9 |
|
| Mutation of proline 409 to arginine in the meander region of cytochrome p450c17 causes severe 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Differences in proliferation of the hematopoietic cell line TF-1 and cytokine production by peripheral blood leukocytes induced by 2 naturally occurring forms of human IL-3. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the periplasmic binding protein ProX from Escherichia coli. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Induction of arginases I and II in cornea during herpes simplex virus infection. | 2001 Mar |
|
| SHIP's C-terminus is essential for its hydrolysis of PIP3 and inhibition of mast cell degranulation. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
| Chemical C-terminal protein sequence analysis: improved sensitivity, length of degradation, proline passage, and combination with edman degradation. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
| Effects of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and [(+)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)]propane (ICRF-187) on skeletal muscle protease activities. | 2001 Mar 15 |
|
| Pyridoxal phosphate de-activation by pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid. Increased risk of vitamin B6 deficiency and seizures in hyperprolinemia type II. | 2001 May 4 |
Sample Use Guides
As an active substance proline is used as an oral nutritional supplement in OTC supplements by a 97 number of companies in doses ranging from 500 mg/d to 1000 mg/d and in numerous amino acid 98 mixtures intended for parenteral nutrition such as 10% FreAmine® III, B. Braun Medical Inc.
Route of Administration:
Oral
| Substance Class |
Chemical
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BWT036T5RY
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
