Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C5H9NO2.ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 151.591 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1
InChI
InChIKey=UAGFTQCWTTYZKO-WCCKRBBISA-N
InChI=1S/C5H9NO2.ClH/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4;/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8);1H/t4-;/m0./s1
| Molecular Formula | ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 36.461 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C5H9NO2 |
| Molecular Weight | 115.1305 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Proline (L-Proline) is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Proline is used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient and as an active substance in nutritional supplements. Proline is not commonly used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient. It is approved for use in Privigen (IVIg) and Hizentra (SCIg) solution for injection as a stabiliser for IgG. Proline is also contained in low amounts in several vaccines, e.g. Havrix 720 Kinder (Hepatitis A).
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: O43272|||Q9UF13 Gene ID: 5625.0 Gene Symbol: PRODH Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
|||
Target ID: OH radicals |
|||
Target ID: Q495M3 Gene ID: 153201.0 Gene Symbol: SLC36A2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | FREAMINE III 10% Approved UseParenteral nutrition with 8.5% FreAmine® III (Amino Acid Injection) with Electrolytes is
indicated to prevent nitrogen loss or treat negative nitrogen balance in adults and pediatric
patients, where (1) the alimentary tract, by the oral, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy route, cannot or
should not be used, or adequate protein intake is not feasible by these routes; (2) gastrointestinal
absorption of protein is impaired; or (3) protein requirements are substantially increased as with
extensive burns. Dosage, route of administration, and concomitant infusion of non-protein
calories are dependent on various factors, such as nutritional metabolic status of the patient, anticipated duration of parenteral nutritional support, and vein tolerance Launch Date1971 |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Structural bases of collagen stabilization induced by proline hydroxylation. | 2001-04-15 |
|
| Effects of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and [(+)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)]propane (ICRF-187) on skeletal muscle protease activities. | 2001-03-15 |
|
| Novel gene mutations in patients with left ventricular noncompaction or Barth syndrome. | 2001-03-06 |
|
| SHIP's C-terminus is essential for its hydrolysis of PIP3 and inhibition of mast cell degranulation. | 2001-03-01 |
|
| Chemical C-terminal protein sequence analysis: improved sensitivity, length of degradation, proline passage, and combination with edman degradation. | 2001-03-01 |
|
| Mutation of proline 409 to arginine in the meander region of cytochrome p450c17 causes severe 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. | 2001-03 |
|
| Differences in proliferation of the hematopoietic cell line TF-1 and cytokine production by peripheral blood leukocytes induced by 2 naturally occurring forms of human IL-3. | 2001-03 |
|
| A prion-like shift between two conformational forms of a recombinant thyrotropin receptor A-subunit module: purification and stabilization using chemical chaperones of the form reactive with Graves' autoantibodies. | 2001-03 |
|
| Inactivate the remaining p53 allele or the alternate p73? Preferential selection of the Arg72 polymorphism in cancers with recessive p53 mutants but not transdominant mutants. | 2001-03 |
|
| Isolation and characterisation of genomic and cDNA clones coding for a serine-, alanine-, and proline-rich protein of Trypanosoma cruzi. | 2001-03 |
|
| Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the periplasmic binding protein ProX from Escherichia coli. | 2001-03 |
|
| Crystallization and characterization of the prolidase from Pyrococcus furiosus. | 2001-03 |
|
| Induction of arginases I and II in cornea during herpes simplex virus infection. | 2001-03 |
|
| Arginine and ornithine kinetics in severely burned patients: increased rate of arginine disposal. | 2001-03 |
|
| Transforming growth factor-beta(1) stimulates L-arginine transport and metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells: role in polyamine and collagen synthesis. | 2001-02-27 |
|
| Microsporidia: emerging pathogenic protists. | 2001-02-23 |
|
| Different susceptibility to oxidation of proline and arginine residues of apolipoprotein B-100 among subspecies of low density lipoproteins. | 2001-02-23 |
|
| Solution structure of Grb2 reveals extensive flexibility necessary for target recognition. | 2001-02-23 |
|
| Proline-catalyzed asymmetric aldol reactions between ketones and alpha-unsubstituted aldehydes. | 2001-02-22 |
|
| Cloning of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters from monkey brain: relevance to cocaine sensitivity. | 2001-02-19 |
|
| Non-alpha-helical elements modulate polytopic membrane protein architecture. | 2001-02-16 |
|
| Functions of WW domains in the nucleus. | 2001-02-16 |
|
| The mGlu(2/3) agonist 2R,4R-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate, is anti- and proconvulsant in DBA/2 mice. | 2001-02-16 |
|
| Effects of L-proline on phase I and phase II xenobiotic biotransformation capacities of rat and human hepatocytes in long-term collagen gel cultures. | 2001-02-15 |
|
| The role of a proline-induced broken-helix motif in alpha-helix 2 of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. | 2001-02-09 |
|
| The adaptive regulation of amino acid transport system A is associated to changes in ATA2 expression. | 2001-02-09 |
|
| Solution structure determination and mutational analysis of the papillomavirus E6 interacting peptide of E6AP. | 2001-02-06 |
|
| Recognition and stabilization of a unique CPRI--structural motif in cucurbitaceae family trypsin inhibitor peptides: molecular dynamics based homology modeling using the X-ray structure of MCTI-II. | 2001-02 |
|
| Long-term antioxidant administration attenuates mineralocorticoid hypertension and renal inflammatory response. | 2001-02 |
|
| p38 Map kinase regulates vascular smooth muscle cell collagen synthesis by angiotensin II in SHR but not in WKY. | 2001-02 |
|
| Mutation at codon 130 in hepatitis B virus (HBV) core region increases markedly during acute exacerbation of hepatitis in chronic HBV carriers. | 2001-02 |
|
| Development and characterization of tissue-engineered aortic valves. | 2001-02 |
|
| Comparison of in vitro systems of protein digestion using either mammal or fish proteolytic enzymes. | 2001-02 |
|
| Changes in free amino acids in the hemolymph of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to varying salinities: relationship to osmoregulatory ability. | 2001-02 |
|
| Antifreeze glycoproteins: relationship between molecular weight, thermal hysteresis and the inhibition of leakage from liposomes during thermotropic phase transition. | 2001-02 |
|
| Construction of phosphatidylethanolamine-less strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Effect on amino acid transport. | 2001-02 |
|
| Purification, molecular cloning, and immunohistochemical localization of dipeptidyl peptidase II from the rat kidney and its identity with quiescent cell proline dipeptidase. | 2001-02 |
|
| Importance of a proline-rich sequence in the amino-terminal region for correct folding of mitochondrial and soluble microbial p450s. | 2001-02 |
|
| Microsomal p450s use specific proline-rich sequences for efficient folding, but not for maintenance of the folded structure. | 2001-02 |
|
| Identification of a new Leu354Pro mutation responsible for factor XIII deficiency. | 2001-02 |
|
| Intermolecular interactions between the SH3 domain and the proline-rich TH region of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. | 2001-01-26 |
|
| Reduced hydrolysis of amelogenin may result in X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta. | 2001-01 |
|
| Autoregulation of the biosynthesis of the CcpA-like protein, PepR1, in Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus. | 2001-01 |
|
| Reduction of wobble-position GC bases in Corynebacteria genes and enhancement of PCR and heterologous expression. | 2001-01 |
|
| [A case of bilateral coronal craniosynostosis with the P250R mutation in FGFR3 gene]. | 2001-01 |
|
| Polymorphism of TP53 codon 72 and the risk of cervical cancer among Korean women. | 2001-01 |
|
| Secretion monitor, SecM, undergoes self-translation arrest in the cytosol. | 2001-01 |
|
| Isolation and analysis of an aciclovir-resistant murine cytomegalovirus mutant. | 2001-01 |
|
| The first constant-domain (CH1) exon of human IGHG2 is polymorphic and in strong linkage disequilibrium with the CH2 exon polymorphism encoding the G2m(n+) allotype in Caucasians. | 2001 |
|
| Proline dipeptidase from Pyrococcus furiosus. | 2001 |
Sample Use Guides
As an active substance proline is used as an oral nutritional supplement in OTC supplements by a 97 number of companies in doses ranging from 500 mg/d to 1000 mg/d and in numerous amino acid 98 mixtures intended for parenteral nutrition such as 10% FreAmine® III, B. Braun Medical Inc.
Route of Administration:
Oral
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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| Record UNII |
BWT036T5RY
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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DTXSID70228375
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
