Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C12H24O2.C2H6NO3S.K |
| Molecular Weight | 363.555 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[K+].NCCS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=YXUKIOYEWGMHBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C12H24O2.C2H7NO3S.K/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14;3-1-2-7(4,5)6;/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14);1-3H2,(H,4,5,6);/q;;+1/p-1
| Molecular Formula | C2H6NO3S |
| Molecular Weight | 124.139 |
| Charge | -1 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C12H24O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 200.3178 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | K |
| Molecular Weight | 39.0983 |
| Charge | 1 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3676193 | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/804080 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334852 |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26208967
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3676193 | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/804080 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334852 |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26208967
Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid and is not incorporated into proteins. Taurine is considered conditionally essential because it cannot be synthesized by infants younger than 4-6 weeks, and it may not be adequately synthesized in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition and patients with short-term hypermetabolic conditions. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes. Taurin occurs naturally in fish and meat. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg. Taurine is a component of energy drinks, with many contain 1000 mg per serving. In medicine, taurine supplementation demonstrated efficacy in relieving symptoms of heart failure, hepatitis, hypertension and psychotic disorder. Taurine exerts many physiological functions, including membrane stabilization, osmoregulation and cytoprotective effects, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as modulation of intracellular calcium concentration and ion channel function. In addition taurine may control muscle metabolism and gene expression, through yet unclear mechanisms. The cellular and biochemical mechanisms mediating the actions of taurine are not fully known.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1907607 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL3392921 |
406.0 µM [EC50] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | TAURINE Approved UseTaking 2-3 grams of taurine by mouth one to two times daily for 6-8 weeks seems to improve heart function and symptoms in patients with moderate heart failure to severe heart failure. Some patients with severe heart failure rapidly improve from NYHA class IV to II after 4-8 weeks of treatment. Improvement seems to continue for as long as taurine treatment is continued, up to one year. |
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| Palliative | TAURINE Approved UseTaking 1.5-4 grams of taurine daily for up to 3 months improves liver function in people with hepatitis. |
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| Preventing | URSA Complex Approved UseTaurine is a component of energy drinks used for relieving of fatigue |
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| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
86.1 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331997/ |
4 g single, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TAURINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
206.3 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331997/ |
4 g single, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TAURINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331997/ |
4 g single, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TAURINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium-mediated transductive systems and functionally active gap junctions in astrocyte-like GL15 cells. | 2001 |
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| Readiness potential in different states of physical activation and after ingestion of taurine and/or caffeine containing drinks. | 2001 |
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| Low taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and carnosine levels in plasma of diabetic pregnant rats: consequences for the offspring. | 2001 |
|
| Synthesis of monensin derivatives and their effect on the activity of ricin A-chain immunotoxins. | 2001 |
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| Two years' experience with Dialock and CLS (a new antimicrobial lock solution). | 2001 |
|
| Gene expression of the taurine transporter and taurine biosynthetic enzymes in rat kidney after antidiuresis and salt loading. | 2001 Apr |
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| Zinc and the eye. | 2001 Apr |
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| Conditioned nutritional deficiencies in the cardiomyopathic hamster heart. | 2001 Apr |
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| Analysis of amino acids in human serum by isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. | 2001 Apr 13 |
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| Endogenous glutamate-taurine interaction in striatum and nucleus accumbens of the freely moving rat: studies during the normal process of aging. | 2001 Apr 15 |
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| Taurine increases rat survival and reduces striatal damage caused by 3-nitropropionic acid. | 2001 Aug |
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| Osmolytes stabilize ribonuclease S by stabilizing its fragments S protein and S peptide to compact folding-competent states. | 2001 Aug 3 |
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| Energy-related metabolites during and after induced myocardial infarction with special emphasis on the reperfusion injury after extracorporeal circulation. | 2001 Feb |
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| Effect of acamprosate and naltrexone, alone or in combination, on ethanol consumption. | 2001 Feb |
|
| The use of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in inflammatory bowel diseases: distinguishing ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Aging-induced changes in 24-h rhythms of mitogenic responses, lymphocyte subset populations and neurotransmitter and amino acid content in rat submaxillary lymph nodes during Freund's adjuvant arthritis. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Differences between GABA levels in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome with Alzheimer-like neuropathology. | 2001 Feb |
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| Real-time, two-dimensional visualization of ischaemia-induced glutamate release from hippocampal slices. | 2001 Feb |
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| Taurine - monograph. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Metabolic shifts and myocyte hypertrophy in deflazacort treatment of mdx mouse cardiomyopathy. | 2001 Feb |
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| Chronic lamotrigine treatment increases rat hippocampal GABA shunt activity and elevates cerebral taurine levels. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Taurine attenuates LPS-induced rolling and adhesion in rat microcirculation. | 2001 Feb |
|
| An in vivo eyecup preparation for the rat. | 2001 Feb 15 |
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| Activation of an ATP-dependent K(+) conductance in Xenopus oocytes by expression of adenylate kinase cloned from renal proximal tubules. | 2001 Feb 9 |
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| The protective effect of taurine against thioacetamide hepatotoxicity of rats. | 2001 Jan |
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| [Effect of taurine on the microvessel exchange function and adrenergic response of veins and arteries in the cat skeletal muscle]. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Effects of methionine loading on plasma and erythrocyte sulphur amino acids and sulph-hydryls before and after co-factor supplementation in haemodialysis patients. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Taurine and osmoregulation: platelet taurine content, uptake, and release in type 2 diabetic patients. | 2001 Jan |
|
| MR diffusion imaging and 1H spectroscopy in a child with medulloblastoma. A case report. | 2001 Jan |
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| Determination of bile acids in biological fluids by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. | 2001 Jan |
|
| A moderate decrease in temperature inhibits the calcium signaling mechanism(s) of the regulatory volume decrease in chick embryo cardiomyocytes. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Neurotoxic effect of acamprosate, n-acetyl-homotaurine, in cultured neurons. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
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| The European acamprosate trials: conclusions for research and therapy. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
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| Dietary taurine manipulations in aged male Fischer 344 rat tissue: taurine concentration, taurine biosynthesis, and oxidative markers. | 2001 Jul 1 |
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| Taurine modulates arginine vasopressin-mediated regulation of renal function. | 2001 Jun |
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| Occupational lead exposure and amino acid profiles and liver function tests in industrial workers. | 2001 Jun |
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| 17 beta-estradiol protects neurons from ischemic damage and attenuates accumulation of extracellular excitatory amino acids. | 2001 Jun |
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| Role of taurine in preventing acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury in the rat. | 2001 Jun |
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| Bile acid hydrophobicity is correlated with induction of apoptosis and/or growth arrest in HCT116 cells. | 2001 Jun 1 |
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| Alteration of excitation-contraction coupling mechanism in extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres of dystrophic mdx mouse and potential efficacy of taurine. | 2001 Mar |
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| Relative reactivities of N-chloramines and hypochlorous acid with human plasma constituents. | 2001 Mar 1 |
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| Spinal taurine levels are increased 7 and 30 days following methylprednisolone treatment of spinal cord injury in rats. | 2001 Mar 2 |
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| Mechanisms of alcohol-nicotine interactions: alcoholics versus smokers. | 2001 May |
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| Pharmacological relapse prevention in alcohol dependence: from animal models to clinical trials. | 2001 May |
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| The influence of plasma on the disinfecting activity of the new antimicrobial agent N-chlorotaurine-sodium in comparison with chloramine T. | 2001 May |
|
| The anti-craving compound acamprosate acts as a weak NMDA-receptor antagonist, but modulates NMDA-receptor subunit expression similar to memantine and MK-801. | 2001 May |
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| N-chlorotaurine, a novel endogenous antimicrobial agent: tolerability testing in a mouse model. | 2001 May |
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| Characterization of the mouse bile salt export pump overexpressed in the baculovirus system. | 2001 May |
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| Down-regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene expression by bile acids in primary rat hepatocytes is mediated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. | 2001 May 11 |
|
| Further studies on the effects of topical lactate on amino acid efflux from the ischemic rat cortex. | 2001 May 18 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Taurin occurs naturally in fish and meat. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg.
Route of Administration:
Oral
Agonist properties of taurine on glycine receptor of supraoptic magnocellular neurones acutely dissociated from adult rats, using whole-cell voltage clamp. Responses to 1 mM taurine were blocked by strychnine but not by gabazine and showed no additivity with glycine-induced currents, indicating selective activation of glycine receptors.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025
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| Record UNII |
GQK0L6ZDHA
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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-
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| Name | Type | Language | ||
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Official Name | English | ||
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Preferred Name | English | ||
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Common Name | English |
| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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76963160
Created by
admin on Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025
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GQK0L6ZDHA
Created by
admin on Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE | |||
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |