Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C12H24O2.C2H6NO3S.K |
| Molecular Weight | 363.555 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[K+].NCCS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=YXUKIOYEWGMHBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C12H24O2.C2H7NO3S.K/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14;3-1-2-7(4,5)6;/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14);1-3H2,(H,4,5,6);/q;;+1/p-1
| Molecular Formula | C2H6NO3S |
| Molecular Weight | 124.139 |
| Charge | -1 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C12H24O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 200.3178 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | K |
| Molecular Weight | 39.0983 |
| Charge | 1 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3676193 | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/804080 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334852 |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26208967
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3676193 | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/804080 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334852 |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26208967
Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid and is not incorporated into proteins. Taurine is considered conditionally essential because it cannot be synthesized by infants younger than 4-6 weeks, and it may not be adequately synthesized in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition and patients with short-term hypermetabolic conditions. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes. Taurin occurs naturally in fish and meat. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg. Taurine is a component of energy drinks, with many contain 1000 mg per serving. In medicine, taurine supplementation demonstrated efficacy in relieving symptoms of heart failure, hepatitis, hypertension and psychotic disorder. Taurine exerts many physiological functions, including membrane stabilization, osmoregulation and cytoprotective effects, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as modulation of intracellular calcium concentration and ion channel function. In addition taurine may control muscle metabolism and gene expression, through yet unclear mechanisms. The cellular and biochemical mechanisms mediating the actions of taurine are not fully known.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1907607 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL3392921 |
406.0 µM [EC50] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | TAURINE Approved UseTaking 2-3 grams of taurine by mouth one to two times daily for 6-8 weeks seems to improve heart function and symptoms in patients with moderate heart failure to severe heart failure. Some patients with severe heart failure rapidly improve from NYHA class IV to II after 4-8 weeks of treatment. Improvement seems to continue for as long as taurine treatment is continued, up to one year. |
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| Palliative | TAURINE Approved UseTaking 1.5-4 grams of taurine daily for up to 3 months improves liver function in people with hepatitis. |
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| Preventing | URSA Complex Approved UseTaurine is a component of energy drinks used for relieving of fatigue |
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| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium nitroprusside-induced seizure and taurine release from rat hippocampus. | 2000 |
|
| Beneficial effects of an "energy drink" given to sleepy drivers. | 2001 |
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| The influence of a taurine containing drink on cardiac parameters before and after exercise measured by echocardiography. | 2001 |
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| New developments in the pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence. | 2001 |
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| Synthesis of monensin derivatives and their effect on the activity of ricin A-chain immunotoxins. | 2001 |
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| Increased taurine content in esophageal mucosa of children affected by gastroesophageal reflux. | 2001 Apr |
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| Conditioned nutritional deficiencies in the cardiomyopathic hamster heart. | 2001 Apr |
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| Analysis of amino acids in human serum by isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. | 2001 Apr 13 |
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| Endogenous glutamate-taurine interaction in striatum and nucleus accumbens of the freely moving rat: studies during the normal process of aging. | 2001 Apr 15 |
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| Reduction of phospholemman expression decreases osmosensitive taurine efflux in astrocytes. | 2001 Apr 23 |
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| Inhibition of the myeloperoxidase chlorinating activity by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs investigated with a human recombinant enzyme. | 2001 Apr 6 |
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| Taurine increases rat survival and reduces striatal damage caused by 3-nitropropionic acid. | 2001 Aug |
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| Osmolytes stabilize ribonuclease S by stabilizing its fragments S protein and S peptide to compact folding-competent states. | 2001 Aug 3 |
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| Effects of new taurine derivatives on primary immune response in rats. | 2001 Feb |
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| Effect of acamprosate and naltrexone, alone or in combination, on ethanol consumption. | 2001 Feb |
|
| The use of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in inflammatory bowel diseases: distinguishing ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Aging-induced changes in 24-h rhythms of mitogenic responses, lymphocyte subset populations and neurotransmitter and amino acid content in rat submaxillary lymph nodes during Freund's adjuvant arthritis. | 2001 Feb |
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| Differences between GABA levels in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome with Alzheimer-like neuropathology. | 2001 Feb |
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| Real-time, two-dimensional visualization of ischaemia-induced glutamate release from hippocampal slices. | 2001 Feb |
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| Metabolic shifts and myocyte hypertrophy in deflazacort treatment of mdx mouse cardiomyopathy. | 2001 Feb |
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| Hamster sperm glycine receptor: evidence for its presence and involvement in the acrosome reaction. | 2001 Feb |
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| Influence of protein kinases on the osmosensitive release of taurine from cerebellar granule neurons. | 2001 Feb |
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| Can this pill stop you from hitting the bottle? | 2001 Feb 12 |
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| Activation of an ATP-dependent K(+) conductance in Xenopus oocytes by expression of adenylate kinase cloned from renal proximal tubules. | 2001 Feb 9 |
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| The protective effect of taurine against thioacetamide hepatotoxicity of rats. | 2001 Jan |
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| [Effect of taurine on the microvessel exchange function and adrenergic response of veins and arteries in the cat skeletal muscle]. | 2001 Jan |
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| Effects of methionine loading on plasma and erythrocyte sulphur amino acids and sulph-hydryls before and after co-factor supplementation in haemodialysis patients. | 2001 Jan |
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| Taurine and osmoregulation: platelet taurine content, uptake, and release in type 2 diabetic patients. | 2001 Jan |
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| Determination of bile acids in biological fluids by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. | 2001 Jan |
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| Studies on the effects of lactate transport inhibition, pyruvate, glucose and glutamine on amino acid, lactate and glucose release from the ischemic rat cerebral cortex. | 2001 Jan |
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| The European acamprosate trials: conclusions for research and therapy. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
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| Taurine modulates catalase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and ethanol elimination rates in rat brain. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
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| The effect of taurine depletion by beta-alanine treatment on the susceptibility to ethanol-induced hepatic dysfunction in rats. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
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| 17 beta-estradiol protects neurons from ischemic damage and attenuates accumulation of extracellular excitatory amino acids. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Swelling-activated taurine and K+ transport in human cervical cancer cells: association with cell cycle progression. | 2001 Mar |
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| A new model for diffuse brain injury by rotational acceleration: II. Effects on extracellular glutamate, intracranial pressure, and neuronal apoptosis. | 2001 Mar |
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| Two-voxel localization sequence for in vivo two-dimensional homonuclear correlation spectroscopy. | 2001 Mar |
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| Hypocholesterolemic effect of bile acid sulfonate analogs in hamsters. | 2001 Mar |
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| Effect of starvation on free histidine and amino acids in white muscle of milkfish Chanos chanos. | 2001 Mar |
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| Alteration of excitation-contraction coupling mechanism in extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres of dystrophic mdx mouse and potential efficacy of taurine. | 2001 Mar |
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| Evaluation of urinary carnitine and taurine excretion in 5 cystinuric dogs with carnitine and taurine deficiency. | 2001 Mar-Apr |
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| Oxidative stress and protection against reactive oxygen species in the pre-implantation embryo and its surroundings. | 2001 Mar-Apr |
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| Mechanisms of alcohol-nicotine interactions: alcoholics versus smokers. | 2001 May |
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| The influence of plasma on the disinfecting activity of the new antimicrobial agent N-chlorotaurine-sodium in comparison with chloramine T. | 2001 May |
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| The anti-craving compound acamprosate acts as a weak NMDA-receptor antagonist, but modulates NMDA-receptor subunit expression similar to memantine and MK-801. | 2001 May |
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| N-chlorotaurine, a novel endogenous antimicrobial agent: tolerability testing in a mouse model. | 2001 May |
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| Identification of a novel form of renal glucosuria with overexcretion of arginine, carnosine, and taurine. | 2001 May |
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| High glucose inhibits renal proximal tubule cell proliferation and involves PKC, oxidative stress, and TGF-beta 1. | 2001 May |
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| Cysteine regulates expression of cysteine dioxygenase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in cultured rat hepatocytes. | 2001 May |
|
| Down-regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene expression by bile acids in primary rat hepatocytes is mediated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. | 2001 May 11 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Taurin occurs naturally in fish and meat. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg.
Route of Administration:
Oral
Agonist properties of taurine on glycine receptor of supraoptic magnocellular neurones acutely dissociated from adult rats, using whole-cell voltage clamp. Responses to 1 mM taurine were blocked by strychnine but not by gabazine and showed no additivity with glycine-induced currents, indicating selective activation of glycine receptors.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Sat Dec 16 20:17:48 GMT 2023
by
admin
on
Sat Dec 16 20:17:48 GMT 2023
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| Record UNII |
GQK0L6ZDHA
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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-
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Common Name | English |
| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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76963160
Created by
admin on Sat Dec 16 20:17:48 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 20:17:48 GMT 2023
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GQK0L6ZDHA
Created by
admin on Sat Dec 16 20:17:48 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 20:17:48 GMT 2023
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ACTIVE MOIETY |