Oryzalin is a selective preemergence surface-applied herbicide used for control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in fruit trees, nut trees, vineyards, established bermudagrass turf and established ornamentals. It inhibits the growth of germinating weed seeds. Oryzalin is an effective inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrases (CAs). Eleven out of 12 catalytically active human CAs were strongly inhibited by oryzalin and exhibited affinities of approximately 2–2000 nM. Oryzalin has been shown to bind specifically to plant tubulin in vitro, inhibited its polymerization, and partly depolymerize taxol-stabilized microtubules. It also inhibits polymerization of leishmania microtubules in vitro.