CO-102862, also known as V102862, is a potent, broad-spectrum state-dependent blocker of mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels. A key feature of the mechanism of inhibition is that V102862 has up to 80-fold higher affinity for inactivated Na channels as compared to channels in resting states. V102862 is an orally active anticonvulsant with robust activity in a variety of rodent models of epilepsy.

Andrographic acid is isolated from Andrographis paniculata, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been effectively used for treatment of infection, inflammation, cold, fever, and diarrhea in China.

A-740003 is a competitive antagonist of P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) that has been shown to potently block proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release, and also is a promising candidate for the development of a radiotracer for imaging of neuroinflammation by positron emission tomography.

Dehydroandrographolide (DP) from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees is a potential anticancer agent which can act, in part, through the inhibition of TMEM16A expression and may support TMEM16A as a novel target for antitumor therapy in TMEM16A-amplified cancers. It was shown that DP inhibits the invasion of human oral cancer cells and is a potential chemopreventive agent against oral cancer metastasis. It is also used for the treatment of infections in China. However, DP has not been found to significantly inhibit bacterial and viral growth directly. It was discovered that the DP enhanced innate immunity of intestinal tract through increased expression of human β -defensin-2 (hBD-2) through the p38 MAPK pathways. Dehydroandrographolide also possesses activity against hepatitis B virus

Zizanoic acid is a sesquiterpene in vetiver oil. Zizanoic acid exhibited significant antimycobacterial activity against drug-resistant mutants of M. smegmatis and virulent strain H37Rv of M. tuberculosis. These observations may be of great help in the QSAR-based antimycobacterial drug designing from a very common, inexpensive and non-toxic natural product for the management of MDR and XDR tuberculosis.