Mindoperone was developed as an antipsychotic drug that has never been marketed.

Setoperone is and antagonist of the brain serotonin 5-HT2 receptor and particular the 5-HT2A isoform. Setoperone is radiolabeled with the radioisotope fluorine-18 and is used in positron emission tomography (PET) in neuroimaging for the study neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and depression.

Binospirone (MDL-73,005-EF) acts as a potent, highly selective 5-HT1A ligand: as an antagonist at postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors and also acts as a highly efficacious partial agonist at somatodendritic autoreceptors. Experiments on rodents have shown, that it also possesses anxiolytic properties.

Amiglumide [CR 1795] is an amino acid derivative with cholecystokinin A antagonist activity. It has potential use for treating gastrointestinal disorders, pancreatitis and biliary dyskinesia. Amiglumide was developed in preclinical trials with Rottapharm in Italy.

Flutemazepam is a benzodiazepine binding-site agonist and has hypnotic, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activity. Flutemazepam was found very effective for the treatment of severe states of anxiety

Alnespirone [S 20499] is a potent and full agonist at pre- and postsynaptic serotonin 1A receptors. Alnespirone is the (+)-enantiomer, S 20244 is the racemate. In animal models, alnespirone demonstrated both anxiolytic and antidepressant activity and was undergoing phase II trials in these indications with Servier in France. However, development of Alnespirone was discontinued for anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder.

Cinuperone is an antagonist of D2, alpha1 adrenergic and sigma receptors. The drug selectively inhibits dopamine agonists-dependent behaviors, mediated by the limbic system. The clinical development of the drug as an antipsychotic was terminated due to orthostasis.

Zapizolam was studied as a sedative and anxiolytic agent that has never been marketed.

Loxiglumide is a potent, orally active, and selective CCK-A receptor antagonist which stimulates calorie intake and hunger feelings in humans. Loxiglumide inhibits pancreatic secretion of digestive enzymes, and also blocks CCK-induced gastric secretions and emptying. Intravenous administration of loxiglumide antagonized the CCK-induced reduction of gastric emptying in rats, acceleration of intestinal transport in mice, increase in ileal motility in rabbits, gallbladder contraction in guinea pigs and acceleration of gallbladder emptying in mice.

Fasiplon (RU 33203), an imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivative, is agonist of GABA(A) receptors at benzodiazepine binding site. It was in preclinical studies for the treatment of anxiety.