CIMIRACEMOSIDE C (aka Cimifugoside M) is a triterpene glycoside which can be isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga racemosa (Black Cohosh). Despite potential toxicity, Black Cohosh continues to be consumed as a natural dietary supplement for the treatment of menopause symptoms. Cimiracemoside C has been identified as an analytical marker for the identification of Black Cohosh extract nutritional formulations. It has also been of interest as a lead compound for the treatment of diabetes in mice.

Arabinitol is the five-carbon sugar alcohol D-arabinitol (DA). It is a metabolite of the pathogenic Candida species, in vitro as well as in vivo, and can be determined by gas chromatography or enzymatic analysis. Endogenous DA and L-arabinitol (LA) are present in human body fluids. Serum DA and LA increase in renal dysfunction. In prospective clinical studies, elevated DA/LA or DA/creatine ratios in serum or urine have been found in immunocompromised, usually neutropenic, patients with invasive candidiasis. In addition, positive DA results have been obtained several days to weeks before positive blood cultures, and the normalization of DA levels has been correlated with therapeutic response in both humans and animals. Thus, arabinitol has been suggested a marker for invasive candidiasis. A non-invasive, non-culture-based method of determining urinary D-/L-arabinitol (D-/L-ARA) ratios was investigated as a tool for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in nosocomial paediatric infection cases in the clinical trial.

Volemitol was discovered in a rare species of mushroom, Lactarius volemus Fr. Seven years later volemitol was isolated from three species of primrose (Primula grandiflora L., elatior Jaeq., and officinalis Jacq.). Volemitol found in avocado seeds. Volemitol is the major nonstructural carbohydrate in leaves of horticultural hybrid polyanthus (Primula x polyantha) at all stages development, with concentration of up to 25% of the dry weight. Volemitol is biosynthesized from sedoheptulose by a NADPH-dependent sedoheptulose reductase. In the brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata volemitol was synthesized from sedoheptulose 7-phosphate by the action of an NADH-dependent reductase via volemitol 1-phosphate. Volemitol is used as a natural sweetening agent.