Brilliant Blue is an organic compound classified as a blue triarylmethane dye. It is coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts. Coloring agent. Brilliant Blue FCF, has been used in foods in the US since 1929. This color adds a distinctive, bright blue hue to beverages, beverage powders, dairy products, baked goods, dessert powders, confections, condiments, icings, syrups, jams, jellies, marmalades, liqueurs, extracts, dairy fats and oil, meat, seafood, snacks, dry mixes and seasonings, fruit preparations, convenient food, and flavors. Both the diammonium and disodium salts of FD&C Blue No. 1 are used. The disodium salt is used in foods, while the diammonium salt has limited usage in drugs and cosmetics.

Morpholine salicylate is a derivative of salicylic acid. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and was marketed under a tradename Retarcyl, Dolical and Deposal.

Aminomethylpropanol is a synthetic ingredient that functions as a buffer to adjust the pH of cosmetics and personal care products. In cosmetics and personal care products, aminomethylpropanol is used in the formulation of creams and lotions, hair sprays, wave sets, hair dyes and colors, eye and facial products, and other hair and skin care products. The main function of aminomethylpropanol in these products is to establish and hold the pH. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) includes aminomethylpropanol on its list of indirect food additives as a component of adhesives that are in contact with food. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) identifies that “substance causes serious eye irritation, is harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects and causes skin irritation, causes serious eye damage.” Toxicologically significant concentrations of AMP are unlikely to be achieved in the systemic circulation and/or target tissues in humans as a result of dermal application of products containing aminomethylpropanol. Systemically absorbed dose will be rapidly eliminated from the body with little remaining at the application site.

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride is an isothiazolinone based biocide and preservative used in personal care products. 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is also used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solution. It is used to study the effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity in the development of neural axons and dendrites. 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride (Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride) is a common preservative used in industrial products, owing to its strong biocide effect. Contact allergy to Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride has been reported in different occupations, including mechanics, hairdressers and healthcare workers.

CTI-01 (ethyl pyruvate) is an investigational anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of critical inflammatory conditions. CTI-01 was developed by Critical Therapeutics as a stable prodrug of pyruvate, a potent antioxidant, and a free radical scavenger. The drug showed an anti-inflammatory and tissue protection activity in animal models of pancreatitis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis, renal injury, and endotoxemia. CTI-01 was investigated in phase 2 clinical trials on patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, but despite positive results in animal models, administration of EP does not appear to confer any benefit to cardiac surgical patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Besides clinical applications, ethyl pyruvate is long used as an additive to pharmaceutical preparations and foods, including candy, beverages, and baked goods. It is generally recognized as safe by the FDA.

Roxadustat (FG-4592) is an HIF α prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor in a cell-free assay. It stabilizes HIF-2 and induces EPO production and stimulates erythropoiesis. Roxadustat transiently and moderately increased endogenous erythropoietin and reduced hepcidin. It is currently being investigated as an oral treatment for anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In April 2006, Roxadustat (FG-4592) was licensed to Astellas Pharma by originator FibroGen in Asia, Europe and South Africa for the treatment of anemia. FibroGen retains rights in the rest of the world. In 2007, the FDA put the trial on clinical hold due to one case of death by fulminant hepatitis during a phase II clinical trial for patients with anemia associated with chronic kidney disease and not requiring dialysis. However, in 2008, the FDA informed the company that clinical trials could be resumed. Phase II/III clinical trials for this indication resumed in 2012. In 2013, the compound was licensed to AstraZeneca by FibroGen for development and marketing in US, CN and all major markets excluding JP, Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Middle East and South Africa, for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Eseridine (Geneserine) has been known for many years as an anticholinergic agent and used in therapy as a gastrointestinal antispastic. Eseridine salicylate is an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity that has been given by mouth in preparations for dyspepsia and other gastric disorders. It has also been studied for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.