IRALUKAST, a leukotriene D4 analog, has potent peptido-leukotriene antagonist activity. It was under clinical development and in phase II clinical trials as a potential treatment for asthma.

FEXICAINE, a phenoxyacetic acid derivative, is a vasodilator and local anesthetic.

FILENADOL is an analgesic drug with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. It reduces the hyperalgesic effects of inflammatory mediators besides inhibiting partially the synthesis of eicosanoids.

BIIB021 binds in the ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90, interferes with Hsp90 chaperone function, and results in client protein degradation and tumor growth inhibition. Hsp90 is overexpressed in many types of cancer and acts to stabilize malignancy producing oncoproteins. Therefore, inhibition of Hsp90 with BIIB021 leads to the degradation of oncoproteins that drive malignancy.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is a natural metabolite of endogenous estrogen hormone 17β-estradiol in human and devoid of estrogenic activity. It is a drug that prevents the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need in order to grow (angiogenesis). It has undergone Phase 1 clinical trials against breast cancers. Preclinical models also suggest that 2ME2 could also be effective against inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. 2-Methoxyestradiol is an angiogenesis inhibitor, and has been shown to attack both tumor cells and their blood supply in preclinical testing. Presently, it is an investigational drug under various phases of clinical trials alone or in combination therapy. Its anticancer activity has been attributed to its antitubulin, antiangiogenic, pro-apoptotic and ROS induction properties. 2-Methoxyestradiol shows strong cytotoxic effect on estrogen dependent and independent cancerous cells, which is mainly due to disruption of microtubule process and p53 induced apoptosis through caspase, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase. 2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits tubulin polymerisation by binding to colchicine binding site of the tubulin and arrests cell cycle at G2/M-phase.

Rostaporfin (SnET2, Purlytin, REM-001), a second generation photosensitizer drug, that was developed as part of Miravant's PhotoPoint photodynamic therapy (PDT) program, for the potential treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It was found a red light with a wavelength of 664 nm activated the drug. It is injected into the patient, where it distributed and selectively bound to plasma lipoproteins, which were produced in high concentrations by hyperproliferating cells such as cancer cells. In January 2002, results of phase III trials indicated that rostaporfin had not met the primary efficacy endpoint for the wet form of AMD. In addition, rostaporfin has been studied in phase 2 and/or Phase 3 clinical trials in cutaneous metastatic breast cancer (CMBC). It was shown that the drug was able to reduce or eliminate a substantial number of treated CMBC tumors. On March 1, 2018, Adgero Biopharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) has granted Orphan Drug Designation to REM-001 (rostaporfin), for the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma Nevus Syndrome (“BCCNS”). BCCNS is a rare but serious condition with few available therapies and many patients lack treatment options.

Tesetaxel is a taxane derivative patented by Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. as antitumor agent. Preclinical research suggests that tesetaxel may overcome P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance, thereby facilitating extended intracellular retention and possibly clinical effectiveness. Tesetaxel exhibited potent cytotoxicity against various human and murine cancer cell lines and was particularly potent against cell lines expressing P-glycoprotein. Orally administered tesetaxel showed potent in vivo antitumor activity in murine syngeneic and human xenograft models. The cytotoxic effect of tesetaxel, unlike that of other taxanes, was not influenced by the level of P-glycoprotein expression or by the presence of a P-glycoprotein modulator. In patients with metastatic breast cancer, tesetaxel was shown to have significant, single-agent antitumor activity in two multicenter, Phase 2 studies.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels according to their sensitivity to this toxin. Wex Pharmaceuticals is investigating tetrodotoxin for the treatment of chronic and breakthrough pain. The toxin is currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials in Canada as a systemic analgesic for inadequately controlled pain due to advanced cancer, especially where the pain has neuropathic features. In addition, TTX is in Phase II clinical trials to study its ability in moderate to severe neuropathic pain caused by chemotherapy.

Ammonium trichlorotellurate (AS-101) is a synthetic non-toxic tellurium derivative, structurally similar to cisplatin, with immunostimulatory and anti-hair loss properties. Ammonium trichlorotellurate induces production of colony stimulating factor (CSF), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-2 receptors by increasing the calcium ion influx through the cell membrane and subsequently exerts its immunostimulatory effects through the CSF-mediated increase in macrophage/granulocytes. This agent is also a potent inducer of interferon and a spectrum of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In animal studies, ammonium trichlorotellurate exerts its anti-hair loss effect by inducing anagen and obstructing spontaneous catagen via promoting follicular keratinocyte proliferation and interfering with terminal differentiation, respectively. AS-101 suppresses production of HIV-1. It inhibited reverse transcriptase activity and replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. RDDP and DDDP activities were impaired by the drug with calculated IC50 value of about 4 uM. Intravenous AS-101 was in trials in patients with HIV infections. AS-101, a small-molecule integrin αvβ3 and VLA-4 inhibitor is being developed by BioMAS in Israel for the treatment of genital warts, age-related macular degeneration and fertility preservation. Phase II clinical trials are ongoing. The drug was also undergoing phase II development in acute myeloid leukaemia, atopic dermatitis, chemotherapy-induced damage, myelodysplastic syndromes, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, psoriasis. However, development for these indications was discontinued.