Celivarone is a benzofuran derivative with a multifactorial mode of action including class IV Vaughan Williams’ electrophysiological as well as anti-adrenergic properties. It has no iodine and has a limited tissue accumulation compared with amiodarone. Celivarone exhibits effective anti-arrhythmic properties in several ventricular ischemia- or reperfusioninduced arrhythmia models as well as in in vitro and in vivo atrial fibrillation (AF) models. Its electrophysiological properties are similar to amiodarone (multifactorial mode of action) but with different relative effects on the ion channels. At the ventricular level, celivarone shows anti-arrhythmic activities by suppressing reperfusion-induced arrhythmias (i.v. and oral routes) and reducing the early mortality due to myocardial infarction (oral route) in rats models. At the atrial level, celivarone is effective in atrial fibrillation models with restoration of sinus rhythm or prevention of AF induction and AF recurrence.

Prazarelix is gonadorelin (GnRH) antagonist. It is primarily used in assisted reproduction to control ovulation. The drug works by blocking the action of GnRH upon the pituitary, thus rapidly suppressing the production and action of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Brinazarone (SR33557) is a calcium channel blocker, that inhibits acid sphingomyelinase activity and enhances ricin-A chain immunotoxin activity. Brinazarone may act, much like perhexiline, by disturbing membrane lipid composition through their inhibitory action on lysosomal phospholipid hydrolases, such as acid sphingomyelinase, leading to modifications in intracellular routing and to subsequent degradation of ricin-A chain immunotoxins.

Bisfentidine (DA-5047), a histamine-2 receptor antagonist was studied for the treatment of colds and gingivitis.

Opaviraline (also known as GW 420867), a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that was studied for the treatment of HIV infections. The drug participated in clinical trials phase II in Germany, in South Africa, and in the United Kingdom, however, these studies were discontinued.

Mipimazole was developed as a thyroid inhibitor. However, information about the further development of the drug is not available.

ISOPROFEN is an anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Its anti-inflammatory potency is greater than that of phenylbutazone but lower than that of indomethacin. Its antipyretic action can be explained by an effect of this substance on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in the brain.

ITURELIX, a decapeptide, is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist.

IVARIMOD is a hepatoprotectant.

Glenvastatin (HR780) is a synthetic HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Like other statins, glenvastatin shows very low systemic bioavailability due to an extensive first pass effect at the intestinal and/or hepatic level. This is a positive trait, since the liver is the target organ for statins. Evidence has been found that glenvastatin protects the vascular endothelium from oxidant stress and inhibits the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. In rabbits, long-term treatment with glenvastatin reduces the plasma cholesterol level, and decreases the liver cholesterol contents. There are no results of clinical trials for glenvastatin.