Codeine is an opiate used to manage mild to moderate pain severe enough to require an opioid. Codeine is a selective agonist for the mu opioid receptor and has an affinity to delta and kappa-opioid receptors. In some countries, this drug is regulated under various narcotic control laws, because its chronic use can cause physical dependence. In others, it is available without a medical prescription in combination with paracetamol.

ISOMETHADONE HYDROBROMIDE, DL- is a hydrobromide salt of isomethadone, a synthetic opioid analgesic. This is a controlled substance in the US.

Betacetylmethadol is a synthetic narcotic analgesic under international control according to the UN Single Convention 1961.

Mesocarb (sydnocarb or 3-(beta-phenylisopropyl)-N-phenylcarbamoylsydnonimine) is a psychomotor stimulant N-alkylated amphetamine derivative. Mesocarb is a selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake, it potently blocks dopamine transporter. It is very likely that mesocarb is being used by drug addicts. Mesocarb is included in the World Anti-Doping Agency’s list of substances and methods that are prohibited in sports. It is used in Russia for the treatment of a variety of neuropsychiatric comorbidities.

Furethidine, a pethidine analog was studied as an analgesic agent. This compound is not currently used in medicine and is listed in schedules of the single convention on narcotic drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 protocol.

Cathinone is one of the biologically active alkaloids found in the khat shrub (Catha edulis). Due to its psychoactive properties, khat has been known and utilized for ages by the inhabitants of East Africa and the northeastern parts of Arabian Peninsula. In many regions, chewing of freshly collected khat leaves (thus liberating cathinone, which affects the central nervous system) is considered a matter of culture and local tradition. Because of their structural similarity to amphetamine, cathinone and its analogs are often denoted as “natural amphetamines”, and the only structural difference between amphetamine and cathinone is the presence of a carbonyl group in the α-position of cathinone’s side chain. Similar to amphetamine, cathinone and its analogs are characterized by stimulating, euphoric, and empathogenic properties. Due to their effects on the central nervous system, the first synthetic cathinone derivatives were synthesized for medicinal purposes in the early twentieth century, but they began attracting wider attention around the year 2000. At that time, synthetic cathinones were included in a broader group of psychoactive compounds denoted as “legal drugs” or “designer drugs”

Methyldesorphine is a synthetic narcotic analgesic derived from morphine. It has no medicinal value in the US. This compound is listed as a Schedule I Narcotic controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act 1970.

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)), a synthetic, psychoactive drug also known as ecstasy that was used as a recreational drug. This drug acts as both a stimulant and psychedelic and exerts its effects in the brain on neurons that use the chemicals serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine to communicate with other neurons. In spite of the presence of this compound in the List of control and forbidden compounds, it was studied in psychotherapy for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder. Initial results showed efficacy for the treatment approach, although further studies are needed.

Levophenacylmorphan is the synthetic narcotic analgesic and sedative agent. Levophenacylmorphan have been used as pre-anaesthetic medication. Phenazocine and levophenacylmorphan have similar pharmacologic properties and similar analgesic potency. Levophenacylmorphan is under international control according to the UN Single Convention 1961 and its amendments. It is not found in any pharmaceutical preparations sold in the United States.

Diethylthiambutene is an analgesic agent with an effect like that of morphine. Diethylthiambutene mainly used in veterinary. It is highly toxic to cats. Can cause convulsions if injected intravenously. Diethylthiambutene is a synthetic opioid drug. It is under international control according to the UN Single Convention 1961 and its amendments, schedule I.