Quizartinib (AC220) is an orally bioavailable, small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is being developed by Daiichi Sankyo Company (previously Ambit Biosciences) and Astellas Pharma as a treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and advanced solid tumours. The highest affinity target identified for Quizartinib was FLT3. The only other kinases with binding constants within 10-fold that for FLT3 were the closely related receptor tyrosine kinases KIT, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, RET, and CSF1R. Kinase inhibition of (mutant) KIT, PDGFR and FLT3 isoforms by quizartinib leads to potent inhibition of cellular proliferation and induction of apoptosis in in vitro leukemia models as well as in native leukemia blasts treated ex vivo.

Selinexor (KPT-330) is a first in class XPO1 antagonist being evaluated in multiple later stage clinical trials in patients with relapsed and/or refractory hematological and solid tumor malignancies.

Clofarabine is a anti-cancer drug which was approved by FDA for the treatment of pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After crossing the cell membrane the drug is rapidly metabolized by deoxycytidine kinase to diphosphate and triphosphate metabolites and these metabolites reversibly inhibit hRNR by binding to alpha subunit. Also the triphosphate is incorporated to DNA where it acts as a chain terminator.

Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. Specifically, it is used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and Kaposi's sarcoma. Similar to doxorubicin, daunorubicin interacts with DNA by intercalation and inhibition of macromolecular biosynthesis. This inhibits the progression of the enzyme topoisomerase II, which relaxes supercoils in DNA for transcription. Daunorubicin stabilizes the topoisomerase II complex after it has broken the DNA chain for replication, preventing the DNA double helix from being resealed and thereby stopping the process of replication. On binding to DNA, daunomycin intercalates, with its daunosamine residue directed toward the minor groove. It has the highest preference for two adjacent G/C base pairs flanked on the 5' side by an A/T base pair. Daunorubicin should only be administered in a rapid intravenous infusion. It should not be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, since it may cause extensive tissue necrosis. It should also never be administered intrathecally (into the spinal canal), as this will cause extensive damage to the nervous system and may lead to death.

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is an organic nitrate that has been used for the treatment of angina pectoris. Upon administration, the drug undergoes exstensive metabolism to NO which causes vasodilation and the relaxation of smooth muscle cells. The compound belongs to a familiy of explosive substances and may be used accordingly.

TAK-659 is an investigational, reversible, and potent dual inhibitor of SYK and FLT-3 kinases. TAK-659 inhibited the pro-survival, proliferative, chemoresistant, and activation effects promoted by the microenvironment. Combination of TAK-659 with other BCR inhibitors showed a synergistic effect in inducing apoptosis. Combination of TAK-659 and ibrutinib induced significantly higher cytotoxicity toward CLL cells. TAK-659 suppressed splenomegaly and tumor development in an LMP2A/Myc mouse model in nanomolar concentrations. In addition, TAK-659 also blocked metastasis of tumor cells into bone marrow. A phase Ib/II study of TAK-659 is underway in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia