Naphthoquine is an antimalarial drug first synthesized in China in 1986 but which was not developed for clinical use until the late 1990s. This drug now is used in combination for treatment of Plasmodium Falciparum and Malaria. The use of anti-malarial drug combinations with artemisinin or with one of its derivatives is now widely recommended to overcome drug resistance in falciparum as well as vivax malaria. The fixed oral dose artemisinin-naphthoquine combination (ANQ, ARCO™) is a newer artemisinin-based combination (ACT) therapy undergoing clinical assessment.

Vinburnine is a nutritional product, a peripheral vasodilator with cerebral activities that also act as a cerebral metabolic stimulant and appears to be able to relax the smooth muscle cells within the walls of blood vessels. (+/-)-Eburnamonine is the racemate of the alkaloid Vinburnine. Dextrorotatory, levorotatory, and racemic forms of eburnamonine exist in nature. The (-)-form, also known as vincamone (isolated from Vinca minor), is a drug that possesses a stimulating activity for muscle and is used as cerebrotonic, whereas both enantiomers have hypotensive effects.

Ferrous phosphate is used for killing moss and slug pelletes.

Dexamethasone palmitate (a derivative of Dexamethasone), anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, glucocorticoid receptor agonist, is reported as an ingredient of Limethason in Japan and Lipotalon in Germany. Limethason (Dexamethasone palmitate) inhibits the function of leukocytes and tissue macrophages. It restricts the migration of leukocytes in the area of inflammation. Limethason (Dexamethasone palmitate) decreases capillary permeability caused by histamine release. It inhibits the activity of fibroblasts and collagen formation. Limethason inhibits the activity of phospholipase A2, which leads to suppression of the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Limethason (Dexamethasone palmitate) is indicated for rheumatoid arthritis.

Silver phosphate or silver orthophosphate is a chemical compound consists of silver and phosphate. Silver phosphate has different applications, in photocatalysis to remove the antibiotic from water, in silver staining of biological materials, in photography.

Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate (Disodium beta-glycerophosphate) is used for the preparation of thermo-sensitive chitosan hydrogen as a scaffold to construct tissue engineered injectable nucleus pulposus (NP). Since Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate (6 g/day) reduced the lithogenic index of bile in human subjects with cholesterol gallstones in a short-term study and facilitated dissolution of cholesterol gallstones in mice, Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate may have potential to help dissolve cholesterol gallstones in man. Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate is an alkaline phosphate inhibitor. Sodium β-glycerophosphate pentahydrate is used as a phosphatase inhibitor. It promotes bone matrix mineralization while delivering to osteoblasts by providing a source of phosphate ions. It is used in the development of hydrogels and scaffolds, which finds applications in tissue engineering and cell growth. It is used as an additive in isolation mediums by providing phosphate ions to isolate. It is utilized to promote mineralization in vitro by modulating bone cell metabolic activity.

QUININE PHOSPHATE, a salt of quinine, was formerly used for the treatment of malaria.

CLOMACRAN, a non-phenothiazine tricyclic compound, is an antipsychotic drug.

Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic found in many topical medications such as creams, ointments, and eye drops. In vitro tests have demonstrated that neomycin is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of protein in susceptible bacterial cells. It is effective primarily against gram-negative bacilli but does have some activity against gram-positive organisms. Neomycin is active in vitro against Escherichia coli and the Klebsiella-Entero. Topical uses include treatment for superficial eye infections caused by susceptible bacteria (used in combination with other anti-infective), treatment of otitis externa caused by susceptible bacteria, treatment or prevention of bacterial infections in skin lesions, and use as a continuous short-term irrigant or rinse to prevent bacteriuria and gram negative rod bacteremia in bacteriuria patients with indwelling catheters. May be used orally to treat hepatic encephalopathy, as a perioperative prophylactic agent, and as an adjunct to fluid and electrolyte replacement in the treatment of diarrhea caused to enter pathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Neomycin sulfate has been shown to be effective adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma by reduction of the ammonia forming bacteria in the intestinal tract. The subsequent reduction in blood ammonia has resulted in neurologic improvement. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Neomycin Sulfate Oral Solution and other antibacterial drugs, susceptible bacteria should use Neomycin Sulfate Oral Solution only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Neomycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site near nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes