Porfiromycin is an N-methyl derivative of the antineoplastic antibiotic mitomycin-C initially isolated from Streptomyces ardus. Upon administration, the drug undergoes chemical or enzymatic reduction, followed by spontaneous loss of the tertiary methoxy (hydroxyl) group and formation of an aromatic indole system. Thus activated, porfiromycin generates oxygen radicals and alkylates DNA, producing interstrand cross-links and single-strand breaks at guanosine residues. Porfiromycin was tested in phase III for head and neck carcinoma, however, its development was terminated.

Fiacitabine, also known as FIAC, is a pyrimidine nucleoside, which had been in phase II clinical trilas for the treatment Cytomegalovirus infections and Herpes simplex virus infections. However, these researches have been discontinued. It was also shown the inhibitor activity of FIAC against the DNA polymerase of hepadnaviruses.

Canthaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid pigment and potent lipid-soluble antioxidant widely distributed in nature. Canthaxanthin has been found in edible mushrooms green algae, bacteria, crustaceans, and bioaccumulates in fish such as carp, golden mullet, seabream and trash wrasse. Canthaxanthin is used to reduce sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity) experienced by people who have a rare genetic disease called erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). In these people, sunlight can cause skin reactions such as rash, itch, and eczema. Canthaxanthin is also used to reduce sun sensitivity caused by certain medications. Some people also try it for relieving itching caused by sun exposure. Canthaxanthin is associated with E number E161g and is approved for use as a food coloring agent in different countries, including the United States and the EU; however, it is not approved for use in Australia and New Zealand. It is generally authorized for feed applications in at least the following countries: US, Canada, EU. In the EU, canthaxanthin is allowed by law to be added to trout feed, salmon feed, and poultry feed. The European Union limit is 80 mg/kg of feedstuffs, 8 mg/kg feed for egg-laying hens and 25 mg/kg in feed for other poultry and salmonids.

Diosgenin is a major bioactive constituent of various edible pulses and roots, well characterized in the seeds of fenugreek as well as in the root tubers of wild yams. The findings from pre-clinical and mechanistic studies strongly implicate the use of diosgenin as a novel multi-target based chemo preventive or therapeutic agent against several chronic diseases. Diosgenin has been shown to increase cholesterol secretion fiveto seven-fold in the bile of rats without altering the output of bile salts and phospholipids (Kosters et al., 2005; Nervi et al., 1988; Nibbering et al., 2001). Recently, it was shown that the biliary cholesterol secretion stimulated by diosgenin and leading to fecal cholesterol excretion is independent of intestinal cholesterol absorption. The anti-cancer effects of diosgenin in vitro through different mechanisms was investigated and was shown that it could use in the treatment Colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and some others. Also was investigates the effect of diosgenin on hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and was shown that compound can inhibits HCV replication at low µM concentrations. Diosgenin was able to protect the kidney from morphological changes associated with ovariectomy. The mechanism is responsible for this protection was the conversion of diosgenin to progesterone. The extensive pre-clinical and clinical research should be carried out prior to advocating the safe and efficacious use of diosgenin and diosgenin-rich plant extracts against the prevention and control of diseases.

Fluocinolone participated in clinical trials for the treatment of Oral Lichen Planus and Candida Infection.

Repromicin is a compound that was reported in the literature in the 1990’s. Repromicin derivatives were found to have potent antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative pathogen Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella heamolytica (in vitro and in vivo). Subcutaneous administration (single dose) in animals was found to control induced pasteurellosis (in swine) and induced respiratory disease (in cattle).

Inocoterone acetate (USAN) (also known as RU-38882, RU-882) is the acetate ester of inocoterone a steroid-like nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) that was developed for topical administration to treat acne but was never marketed. Inocoterone acetate is actually not a silent antagonist of the androgen receptor but rather a weak partial agonist, similarly to steroidal antiandrogens like cyproterone acetate. In this double-blind study of 126 male subjects with acne, a topical solution of the antiandrogen inocoterone produced a modest but statistically significant reduction in the number of inflammatory acne lesions.

Betamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic