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Restrict the search for
acetylcholine
to a specific field?
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2015)
Source:
ANDA078830
(2015)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1899
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
The alkaloid L-(-)-scopolamine [L-(-)-hyoscine], a belladonna alkaloid, competitively inhibits muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine and acts as a nonselective muscarinic antagonist, producing both peripheral antimuscarinic properties and central sedative, antiemetic, and amnestic effects. Scopolamine acts: i) as a competitive inhibitor at postganglionic muscarinic receptor sites of the parasympathetic nervous system, and ii) on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. It has been suggested that scopolamine acts in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking cholinergic transmission from the vestibular nuclei to higher centers in the CNS and from the reticular formation to the vomiting center. Scopolamine can inhibit the secretion of saliva and sweat, decrease gastrointestinal secretions and motility, cause drowsiness, dilate the pupils, increase heart rate, and depress motor function. Scopolamine is used for premedication in anesthesia and for the prevention of nausea and vomiting (post operative and associated with motion sickness).
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 341.12(e) cough/cold:antihistamine dexchlorpheniramine maleate
Source URL:
First approved in 1958
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Dexchlorpheniramine, the d-isomer of the racemic compound chlorpheniramine, is two times more active than chlorpheniramine. Dexchlorpheniramine does not prevent the release of histamine, but rather, competes with free histamine for binding at the H1-receptor sites, and competitively antagonizes the effects of histamine on H1-receptors in the GI tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. Blockade of H1-receptors also suppresses the formation of oedema, flare, and pruritus that result from histaminic activity. Since dexchlorpheniramine binds to central and peripheral H1-receptors, sedative effects are likely to occur. H1-antagonists are structurally similar to anticholinergic agents and therefore possess the potential to exhibit anticholinergic properties of varying degrees. They also have antipruritic effects. Dexchlorpheniramine has high antihistaminic activity, moderate anticholinergic effects and minimal sedative effects. The drug does not possess antiemetic properties.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 341.12(h) cough/cold:antihistamine doxylamine succinate
Source URL:
First approved in 1948
Source:
DECAPRYN by SANOFI AVENTIS US
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Doxylamine is an antihistamine commonly used as a sleep aid. This drug is also used to relieve symptoms of hay fever (allergic rhinitis), hives (rash or itching), and other allergic reactions. Doxylamine is a member of the ethanolamine class of antihistamines and has anti-allergy power far superior to virtually every other antihistamine on the market, with the exception of diphenhydramine (Benadryl). It is also the most powerful over-the-counter sedative available in the United States, and more sedating than many prescription hypnotics. In a study, it was found to be superior to even the barbiturate, phenobarbital for use as a sedative. Doxylamine is also a potent anticholinergic. Like other antihistamines, doxylamine acts by competitively inhibiting histamine at H1 receptors. It also has substantial sedative and anticholinergic effects. Used alone as a short-term sleep aid, in combination with other drugs as a night-time cold and allergy relief drug. Also used in combination with Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to prevent morning sickness in pregnant women.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 341.14(a)(5) cough/cold:antitussive diphenhydramine citrate
Source URL:
First approved in 1946
Source:
BENADRYL by MCNEIL CONS
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine which is used in the combination with naproxen sodium for the relief of occasional sleeplessness when associated with minor aches and pains. Diphenhydramine has a role nighttime sleep-aid and naproxen sodium is a pain reliever. In addition, diphenhydramine used in relieving symptoms in patients with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis. Diphenhydramine acts as an antagonist of histamine H1 receptor. Besides, was shown potential to repurpose diphenhydramine as an anti-melanoma therapeutic agent, it induces melanoma cell apoptosis by suppressing STAT3/MCL-1 survival signaling pathway.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT04580394: Phase 2 Interventional Completed Obstructive Sleep Apnea
(2020)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Investigational
Source:
INN:direclidine [INN]
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT00548925: Phase 2 Interventional Completed Diabetic Neuropathic Pain
(2007)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Sofinicline is a selective agonist of the a4b2 subtype of nAChR. It is under development by Abbott Laboratories in collaboration with NeuroSearch. It is produced as a capsule in doses of 1, 2 or 4 mg. Sofinicline is a full agonist of the a4b2 nAChR. It has high
binding affinity, ~ 0.1 nM, for this receptor. Sofinicline is orally active and is metabolized hepatically. Sofinicline has been used in trials studying the treatment of ADHD, neuralgia, diabetic neuropathies, diabetic polyneuropathy, and diabetic neuropathic pain, among others.
Status:
Investigational
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Meletimide (R 5183) is a powerful anticholinergic
agent with pronounced peripheral and central action.
Status:
Investigational
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Atropine-N-oxide hydrochloride is an alkaloid of the belladonna plants. It is the major metabolite of atropine. It is a competitive nonselective antagonist at central and peripheral muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Altinicline (SIB-1508Y, SIB-1765F) is a drug which acts as an agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with high selectivity for the α4β2 subtype. It stimulates release of dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain in both rodent and primate models, and progressed as far as Phase II clinical trials for Parkinson's disease, where "no antiparkinsonian or cognitive-enhancing effects were demonstrated", although its current status is unclear.
