Diethanolamine (DEA) is an amino alcohol commonly used in the preparation of soaps and surfactants, agricultural chemicals and in textile processing. DEA and DEA-Derivatives are used in other products besides cosmetics and personal care products. For example, DEA and DEA-derivatives have been approved for several food-related applications, primarily food packaging.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a nucleotide, consisting of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP is an activator of several enzymes in the tissues. In the glycolytic pathway, the enzyme phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP but the inhibition is reversed by AMP, the deciding factor for the reaction being the ratio between ATP and AMP. In medicine, AMP is used mainly as an alternative to adenosine for treatment of ischemia and as a tool compound to measure hyperresponsiveness of airways.

Pentaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline that was used in the 1950s to treat malaria and trypanosomiasis. Pentaquine showed no significant sporontocidal activity against P. gallinaceum in Aedes aegypti. In the experimental animals, the antimalarial effect of pentaquine, its pharmacology and toxicology have been investigated (1, 2). Activity, 80 to 128 times that of quinine and two to eight times that of pamaquin in avian malaria. It has adverse effects very similar to those of primaquine. In mammals it is rapidly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. In acute, and in short term chronic toxicity studies, pentaquine was from one-fourth to one-half as toxic as pamaquin. In the dog, pamaquin in large doses produces severe anorexia, emaciation and ocular paralysis due to central impairment of the sympathetic innervation of the eye. In high dosages pamaquin produces leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, methemoglobinemia, emaciation, depression, and liver damage in the monkey, effects which are not produced with pentaquine in this species.

Antazoline is an antagonist of histamine H1 receptors. It selectively bind to but does not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine. Antazoline in combination with naphazoline (VASOCON-A®) is indicated to relieve the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis.

Procaine is an anesthetic agent indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia, particularly for oral surgery. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine. Procaine is an ester anesthetic. It is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex.