Apocholic acid is a product of mild dehydration of cholic acid. Apocholic acid is powerful complexing and enolizing agent, giving stable addition-compounds (“choleric acids”) with numerous organic molecules. It was shown, that apocholic acid is able to produce tumors in situ. Apocholic acid was found to have a decreasing effect on the cholesterol level of both the plasma and the liver of rats.

Penicillic acid (PA) is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium species showed antibacterial activity against various plant pathogenic bacteria and can be as a lead molecule for the development of synthetic agrochemicals to control plant bacterial diseases. In addition, PA induces single-strand DNA breaks and inhibits DNA synthesis, demonstrating mutagenic and cytotoxic effects. Penicillic acid irreversibly inhibits GDP-mannose dehydrogenase (DMG), an alginate synthesis enzyme, interrupting the committed step in alginate biosynthesis.