Mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) has type-I integral membrane receptors. M6P-receptors bind and transport M6P-enzymes to lysosomes, but it can also modulate the activity of a variety of extracellular M6P-glycoproteins (i.e., latent TGFbeta precursor, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, Granzyme B, growth factors, Herpes virus). M6P has been demonstrated to reduce active TGF-β1 expression on cultured tendon fibroblasts and improved range of movement in a rabbit flexor tendon injury model. Studies of M6P in relation to skin scarring demonstrate improvement in scar cosmesis and accelerated return of normal dermal architecture. Juvidex, a formulation of M6P, inhibits the activation of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, which are present at high levels in adult wounds that scar. On the other hands, M6P in a 600 mM hypertonic solution (Adaprev) potentially acts via a physical, non-chemical, hyperosmotic effect.

1-(3,5-BIS-O-(BUTOXYHYDROXYPHOSPHINYL)-2-DEOXY-D-ERYTHRO-PENTOFURANOSYL)-5-METHYL-2,4(1H,3H)-PYRIMIDINEDIONE (Nu-3), a Bisphosphocins, is being developed by Lakewood-Amedex (formerly Nu Pharmas), for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer, lung infections, stomatitis. Nu-3, a novel synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial proven to be effective in killing a wide range of Gram-positive, Gram-negative and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, recently completed a Phase 1/2a clinical trial in patients, showing no treatment-related adverse events and a trend toward efficacy. Patients treated with 2% Nu-3 for seven days had a 65.5% reduction in ulcer area versus a 29.9% reduction in the placebo arm, as measured 14 days after treatment began. In addition, 62.5% of patients treated with 2% Nu-3 saw a reduction in the microbiological load, versus 20% in the placebo. Three additional Phase 2a adaptive arm clinical trials providing robust clinical data in areas of urgent medical need are expected to be completed by 2020.

Oxi0-4503 (now known as combretastatin A1 phosphate), a diphosphate prodrug of combretastatin A1, was developed by Mateon therapeutics as a second-generation, dual-mechanism vascular disrupting agent from the combretastatin family. On November 21, 2012, Oxi-4503 has been granted orphan designation by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. It is known that the orphan drug designation qualifies a company for several benefits, including the potential for market exclusivity, development grants, and tax credits. Oxi0-4503 is currently participating in phase I/II clinical trial the treatment of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. In addition, phase I clinical trial was successfully completed where was studied the safety of Oxi0-4503 in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Defoslimod is an analog of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin-derived lipid A obtained from E. coli, developed as an immunomodulatory adjuvant and an immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. Defoslimod acts as an agonist of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4. In a phase 1 clinical study in patients with solid tumors, conducted in 2007, defoslimod was administered as an intravenous infusion. The therapy was well tolerated at biologically active concentrations, with 3 patients of 17 exhibited disease stabilization with a mean duration of 4 months. No further development of the drug was reported.

1,​2-​Dioleoyl-​sn-​glycero-​3-​phospho-​L-​serine Sodium Salt is a lipid being studied in the assembly and long-term stability of solid supported lipid bilayers from artificial and natural lipid mixtures.

(E)-Tetrachlorovinphos is an (E)- isomer of Tetrachlorovinphos. Tetrachlorovinphos is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide. Tetrachlorvinphos was introduced and first used commercially in 1966 in the USA. Tetrachlorvinphos was originally registered for use on various food crops, livestock, pet animals. Tetrachlorvinphos is applied dermally to livestock to control flies and mites. It is used as an oral larvicide in cattle, hog, goats and horses; in cattle ear tags to control flies; in cattle feedlots; in poultry dust boxes to control poultry mites; and in poultry houses. Tetrachlorvinphos also is used in pet sleeping areas and pet flea collars and to control flies around refuse sites, recreational areas, and for general outdoor treatment. Tetrachlorvinphos can cause cholinesterase inhibition in humans; that is, it can overstimulate the nervous system causing nausea, dizziness, confusion, and at very high exposures (e.g., accidents or major spills), respiratory paralysis and death. In 2014, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) filed a lawsuit against the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) seeking EPA to respond to NRDC’s 2009 petition to ban tetrachlorvinphos in common pet flea treatment products. Tetrachlorvinphos is reportedly registered for use in Canada, South Africa, and Australia.