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Restrict the search for
cortisone acetate
to a specific field?
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2014)
Source:
ANDA204165
(2014)
Source URL:
First approved in 1997
Source:
NDA020839
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet agent structurally and pharmacologically similar to ticlopidine, is used to inhibit blood clots in a variety of conditions such as peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Clopidogrel is sold under the name Plavix by Sanofi and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Plavix (clopidogrel bisulfate) is an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation acting by direct
inhibition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binding to its receptor and of the subsequent ADPmediated
activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex. Clopidogrel must be metabolized by CYP450 enzymes to produce the active metabolite that
inhibits platelet aggregation. The active metabolite of clopidogrel selectively inhibits the
binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet P2Y12 receptor and the subsequent ADPmediated
activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet
aggregation. This action is irreversible. Consequently, platelets exposed to clopidogrel’s active
metabolite are affected for the remainder of their lifespan (about 7 to 10 days). Platelet
aggregation induced by agonists other than ADP is also inhibited by blocking the amplification
of platelet activation by released ADP. Plavix (clopidogrel bisulfate) is indicated for the reduction of atherothrombotic events.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2024)
Source:
ANDA211239
(2024)
Source URL:
First approved in 1997
Source:
Duract
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Bromfenac is a topical, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for ophthalmic use. It is indicated for the treatment of postoperative inflammation and reduction of ocular pain in patients who have undergone cataract surgery. The mechanism of its action is thought to be due to its ability to block prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 and 2. The most commonly reported adverse reactions in 3 to 8% of patients were anterior chamber inflammation, foreign body sensation, eye pain, photophobia and vision blurred.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2017)
Source:
ANDA207563
(2017)
Source URL:
First approved in 1996
Source:
NDA020449
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Docetaxel was protected by patents (U.S. patent and European patent) which were owned by Sanofi-Aventis, and so was available only under the Taxotere brand name internationally. The European patent expired in 2010. Docetaxel is a clinically well-established anti-mitotic chemotherapy medication used for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer after failure of prior chemotherapy. Also used as a single agent in the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of prior platinum-based chemotherapy. It is also used in combination with prednisone, in the treatment of patients with androgen independent (hormone refractory) metastatic prostate cancer. Furthermore, docetaxel has uses in the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma and head and neck cancer. Docetaxel interferes with the normal function of microtubule growth. Whereas drugs like colchicine cause the depolymerization of microtubules in vivo, docetaxel arrests their function by having the opposite effect; it hyper-stabilizes their structure. This destroys the cell's ability to use its cytoskeleton in a flexible manner. Specifically, docetaxel binds to the β-subunit of tubulin. Tubulin is the "building block" of mictotubules, and the binding of docetaxel locks these building blocks in place. The resulting microtubule/docetaxel complex does not have the ability to disassemble. This adversely affects cell function because the shortening and lengthening of microtubules (termed dynamic instability) is necessary for their function as a transportation highway for the cell. Chromosomes, for example, rely upon this property of microtubules during mitosis. Further research has indicated that docetaxel induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cancer cells by binding to an apoptosis stopping protein called Bcl-2 (B-cell leukemia 2) and thus arresting its function.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2014)
Source:
NDA205613
(2014)
Source URL:
First approved in 1994
Source:
RHINOCORT by ASTRAZENECA
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (EPIMERIC)
Budesonide is a glucocorticoid used in the management of asthma, the treatment of various skin disorders, allergic rhinitis and ulcerative colitis. The precise mechanism of corticosteroid actions on inflammation in asthma is not well known. Inflammation is an important component in the pathogenesis of asthma. Corticosteroids have been shown to have a wide range of inhibitory activities against multiple cell types (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) and mediators (e.g., histamine, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, and cytokines) involved in allergic- and non-allergic-mediated inflammation. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids may contribute to their efficacy in asthma. Commonly reported side effects of budesonide include: acne vulgaris, moon face, and bruise. Other side effects include: ankle edema, hirsutism, weakness, arthralgia, nausea, and rhinitis. Ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4), the main metabolic enzyme for corticosteroids, increased plasma levels of orally ingested budesonide.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2009)
Source:
ANDA079123
(2009)
Source URL:
First approved in 1992
Source:
NDA020080
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Sumatriptan is a serotonin (5-HT1B/1D) receptor agonist indicated for acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. Sumatriptan is structurally similar to serotonin (5-HT), and is a 5-HT receptor (types 5-HT1D and 5-HT1B) agonist. The specific receptor subtypes it activates are present on the cranial arteries and veins. Acting as an agonist at these receptors, sumatriptan reduces the vascular inflammation associated with migraines. The specific receptor subtype it activates is present in the cranial and basilar arteries. Activation of these receptors causes vasoconstriction of those dilated arteries. Sumatriptan is also shown to decrease the activity of the trigeminal nerve, which presumably accounts for sumatriptan's efficacy in treating cluster headaches. The injectable form of the drug has been shown to abort a cluster headache within 30 minutes in 77% of cases. Sumatriptan is effective for ending or relieving the intensity of migraine and cluster headaches. It is most effective taken early after the start of the pain. Injected sumatriptan is more effective than other formulations. Large doses of sumatriptan can cause sulfhemoglobinemia, a rare condition in which the blood changes from red to greenish-black, due to the integration of sulfur into the hemoglobin molecule. Serious cardiac events, including some that have been fatal, have occurred following the use of sumatriptan injection or tablets. Events reported have included coronary artery vasospasm, transient myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib).
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2006)
Source:
NDA021958
(2006)
Source URL:
First approved in 1992
Source:
LAMISIL by NOVARTIS
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Terbinafine (brand name Lamisil, Terbisil, Terboderm and others) is an antifungal medication used to treat ringworm and fungal nail infections. Terbinafine inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, an enzyme that is part of the fungal cell membrane synthesis pathway. Because terbinafine prevents the conversion of squalene to lanosterol, ergosterol cannot be synthesized. This is thought to change cell membrane permeability, causing fungal cell lysis. Many side effects and adverse drug reactions have been reported with oral terbinafine hydrochloride possibly due to its extensive biodistribution and the often extended durations involved in antifungal treatment (longer than two months).
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2005)
Source:
ANDA076618
(2005)
Source URL:
First approved in 1992
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Paroxetine, also known by the trade names Paxil and Seroxat. PAXIL (paroxetine hydrochloride) is an orally administered psychotropic drug. It is the hydrochloride salt of a phenylpiperidine compound identified chemically as (-)-trans-4R-(4'fluorophenyl)-3S-[(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenoxy) methyl] piperidine hydrochloride hemihydrate. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Paroxetine is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of neuronal serotonin reuptake. Paroxetine likely inhibits the reuptake of serotonin at the neuronal membrane, enhances serotonergic neurotransmission by reducing turnover of the neurotransmitter, therefore it prolongs its activity at synaptic receptor sites and potentiates 5-HT in the CNS; paroxetine is more potent than both sertraline and fluoxetine in its ability to inhibit 5-HT reuptake. Compared to the tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs have dramatically decreased binding to histamine, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine receptors. The mechanism of action for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms is unknown. Paroxetine, a phenylpiperidine derivative, was originally developed in 1975 by Jorgen Buus-Lassen and associates working in a small Danish company Ferrosan. Paroxetine was the second SSRI synthesized by Buus-Lassen In 1975.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2007)
Source:
NDA022058
(2007)
Source URL:
First approved in 1991
Source:
SUPPRELIN by SHIRE
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Histrelin is a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist that acts as a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin when administered as an implant that delivers continuous therapeutic doses. Following an initial stimulatory phase with increased circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), leading to a transient increase in concentration of gonadal steroids (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in males), continuous administration of histrelin acetate results in decreased levels of LH and FSH due to a reversible down-regulation of the GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland and desensitization of the pituitary gonadotropes. As the product Supprelin LA (FDA), histrelin is indicated for the treatment of children with central precocious puberty (CPP). As the product Vantas (FDA), histrelin is indicated for the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2007)
Source:
ANDA077236
(2007)
Source URL:
First approved in 1991
Source:
DERMATOP by VALEANT PHARMS NORTH
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Prednicarbate is a relatively new topical corticosteroid drug. It is similar in potency to hydrocortisone. It has a favorable benefit-risk ratio, with an inflammatory action similar to that of a medium potency corticosteroid, but with a low potential to cause skin atrophy. DERMATOP Ointment (prednicarbate ointment) 0.1% is a medium potency corticosteroid indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses. Like other topical corticosteroids, prednicarbate has anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the topical steroids, in general, is unclear. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. Prednicarbate has a strong correlation between transactivation and glucocorticoid receptor binding.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1990)
Source:
NDA019886
(1990)
Source URL:
First approved in 1990
Source:
NDA019886
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Nafarelin acetate (brand name Synarel) is a synthetic agonist of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) [luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), which is indicated for management of endometriosis, including pain relief and reduction of endometriotic lesions and for the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP). Nafarelin has also been used effectively in in vitro fertilisation programmes, and in hirsute women and those with uterine leiomyoma, particularly to induce preoperative fibroid shrinkage. Side effects are related to the low estrogen state and include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, headaches, mood changes, and decreased interest in sex.
