U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 471 - 480 of 653 results

Rapacuronium bromide (RAPLON), a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, is a negative allosteric modulator of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Rapacuronium bromide is indicated as an adjunct to general anesthesia to facilitate tracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgical procedures. There were no specific pharmacokinetic studies conducted to examine the drug-drug interactions of RAPLON. Due to the risk of fatal bronchospasm, it was withdrawn from the United States market less than 2 years after its FDA approval.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1987

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)


Conditions:

Beclometasone dipropionate or beclomethasone dipropionate is sold under the brand name Qvar among others. Beclomethasone dipropionate is a corticosteroid demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory activity. The precise mechanism of corticosteroid action on asthma is not known. Corticosteroids have been shown to have multiple anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting both inflammatory cells (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils) and release of inflammatory mediators (e.g., histamine, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, and cytokines). These anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids may contribute to their efficacy in asthma. Beclomethasone dipropionate is a prodrug that is rapidly activated by hydrolysis to the active monoester, 17 monopropionate (17-BMP). Beclomethasone 17 monopropionate has been shown in vitro to exhibit a binding affinity for the human glucocorticoid receptor, which is approximately 13 times that of dexamethasone, 6 times that of triamcinolone acetonide, 1.5 times that of budesonide and 25 times that of beclomethasone dipropionate. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown. Studies in patients with asthma have shown a favorable ratio between topical anti-inflammatory activity and systemic corticosteroid effects with recommended doses of QVAR. Beclometasone dipropionate was first patented in 1962 and used medically in 1972. Common side effects with the inhaled form include respiratory infections, headaches, and throat inflammation. Serious side effects include an increased risk of infection, cataracts, Cushing’s syndrome, and severe allergic reactions. Long term use of the pill form may cause adrenal insufficiency. The pills may also cause mood or personality changes. The inhaled form is generally regarded as safe in pregnancy. Beclometasone is mainly a glucocorticoid.
Status:
US Previously Marketed

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Conditions:

LEVOPROPOXYPHENE is an antitussive drug, one of enantiomer of propoxyphene. Pdropoxyphene is an analgesic in the opioid category, patented in 1955 and manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company. Pdropoxyphene is intended to treat mild pain and also has antitussive (cough suppressant) and local anaesthetic effects.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1961

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Dromostanolone Propionate (known by the brand names Masteron and Drolban) was invented by Syntex in 1959. About 10 years later it was released on the American market by Lilly as brand name Drolban. The drug was first approved in the USA for use as a treatment of female breast cancer. However, the profile of side-effects included pronouncement of male characteristics in women and when more effective breast cancer treatments came to market drostanolone was gradually phased out. No longer used clinically dromostanolone propionate became very popular in the bodybuilding community. Today dromostanolone propionate remains on the list of approved medications, but it is not being manufactured or sold by pharmaceutical companies. It is still produced illegally by underground labs for use in the bodybuilding community.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Nisentil by Hoffmann-La Roche
(1949)
Source URL:
First approved in 1949
Source:
Nisentil by Hoffmann-La Roche
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)

Conditions:

ALPHAPRODINE is an opioid analgesic. It was used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, and for minor surgical procedures. In addition, this drug was used in the dentistry setting to help effectively manage pain associated with dental procedures.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
sodium propionate
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
sodium propionate
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Propionic acid (PA), also known as propanoic acid, with chemical formula C3H6O2, is an organic acid used as a food additive and found naturally on the skin and in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a byproduct of fermentation reactions and is also produced industrially from ethylene or ethanol and carbon monoxide. Propionic acid is a fungicide and bactericide, registered to controlfungi and bacteria in stored grains, hay, grain storage areas, poultry litter,and drinking water for livestock and poultry. As a food preservative, propionic acid prevents mold in bread and baked goods, and it is used as a flavoring agent in cheese and other packaged goods. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers it safe and therefore, has no limitation on its use. It has been demonstrated that PA lowers fatty acids content in liver and plasma, reduces food intake, exerts immunosuppressive actions and probably improves tissue insulin sensitivity. Thus increased production of PA by the microbiota might be considered beneficial in the context of prevention of obesity and diabetes type 2. The molecular mechanisms by which PA may exert this plethora of physiological effects are slowly being elucidated and include intestinal cyclooxygenase enzyme, the G-protein coupled receptors 41 and 43 and activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, in turn inhibiting the sentinel transcription factor NF-κB and thus increasing the threshold for inflammatory responses in general. Taken together, PA emerges as a major mediator in the link between nutrition, gut microbiota and physiology. The sodium salt of propionic acid was previously approved in Canada as an active ingredient in Amino-Cerv (used to treat inflammation or injury of the cervix).
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
PROPION GEL CALCIUM PROPIONATE by WYETH
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
calcium propionate
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Calcium propionate (E282) is a preservative, antimould and antirope agent. Calcium propionate has been widely used as a preservative in bakery and in bread. The addition of 0.3 % calcium propionate prolonged the shelf-life of salt reduced bread to 10-12 days. It is sometimes not carefully used, or a high concentration is added to preserve products. High consumption of calcium propionate can lead to several health problems. Calcium propionate is used to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement. It is considered to be safe and effective treatment given for one or two days to prevent milk fever and/or to support treatment of milk fever. Calcium propionate is generally recognized as safe by FDA when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Methylcyclopentenolone (also known as methyl cyclopentenolone), a flavor compound that is used in the standard olfactory acuity test in patients with smell disorders.

Showing 471 - 480 of 653 results