Calmatel contains piketoprofen and belongs to the group of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This medicine is indicated in adolescents over 12 years and adults for local pain relief and mild and occasional inflammation caused by: small contusions, bruises, strains; torticollis or other contractures; lumbago; minor sprains caused because of a twist.

Indobufen inhibits platelet aggregation by reversibly inhibiting the platelet cyclooxygenase enzyme thereby suppressing thromboxane synthesis. Indobufen under brand name ibustrin is used in Italy for the following conditions: cerebrovascular insufficiency, atherosclerosis of peripheral and cerebral vessels, thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, and diabetes mellitus. In addition, this drug has been investigated in the phase II clinical trial for the prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. After oral administration, it is quickly and completely absorbed.

Xenipentone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Mavacoxib (trade name Trocoxil) is a veterinary drug used to treat pain and inflammation in dogs with the degenerative joint disease. Mavacoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the coxib class. Mavacoxib acts by preferential inhibition of COX-2-mediated prostaglandin synthesis. It, therefore, possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The products of COX-2 metabolism are also involved in ovulation, implantation, and closure of the ductus arteriosus. Mavacoxib is well absorbed after oral administration; bioavailability was 87% in fed dogs and 46 % in fasted conditions and the recommended dose is based on administration with food. Therapeutic concentrations in fed dogs are reached rapidly and peak concentrations are obtained in less than 24 hours after administering a dose. Mavacoxib is approximately 98% bound to plasma proteins. It is extensively distributed throughout the body and almost all the mavacoxib-related residues in plasma comprise parent drug. The rate of body clearance of mavacoxib is slow and the major route of elimination is by biliary excretion of the parent drug. Adverse reactions of the digestive tract such as vomiting and diarrhea were commonly reported, loss of appetite, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and melaena have been reported in uncommon cases. Gastrointestinal ulceration was reported in rare cases. Apathy, degradation of renal biochemistry parameters and impaired renal function have been reported in uncommon cases. In rare cases, these adverse reactions may be fatal.

Naproxcinod is the first in the class of CINODs and has been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. It is metabolized to naproxen and has been shown to donate nitric oxide in vitro and in vivo. It stimulated the expression of heme oxygenase-mRNA in endothelial cells in vitro, a crucial mediator of antioxidant and tissue-protective actions. In preclinical studies, Naproxcinod has been shown to be analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Naproxcinod dose-dependently displayed a noticeable and significant anti-ischemic effect in reperfused ischemic rabbit hearts and did not exhibit the hypertensive effects of naproxen. In a proof of concept study in 31 healthy volunteers with GI tolerance as the primary endpoint, Naproxcinod caused fewer gastric erosions in both the stomach and the duodenum than naproxen, while 0.2 erosions were found with placebo. Naproxcinod caused less of an adverse effect in intestinal permeability than naproxen and was similar to placebo.

Atrinositol antagonizes the effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in guinea pig basilar arteries. Atrinositol molecule derived from phytic acid. It seems to exert potent protective effects on some of the manifestations associated with diabetes in rats. Atrinositol inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by a direct effect on the pancreatic islets. Atrinositol appears to modulate fatty acid desaturases and aldose reductase in platelets and delay by a few weeks the development of cataract in this acute model of diabetes. It normalizes platelet aggregation in diabetic animals after long-term administration in vivo.

Tepoxalin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug approved for veterinary use in the United States and many other countries. Marketed under the brand name Zubrin, Tepoxalin is indicated for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. Tepoxalin has an unique property as an NSAIDs that suppresses both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase.

Ampiroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities; it inhibits COX-1 and COX-2. Ampiroxicam is a prodrug of piroxicam that does not inhibit prostaglandin synthesis itself. In animal models of inflammation, ampiroxicam decreases paw edema. Ampiroxicam has been synthesised to reduce piroxicam-related gastrointestinal irritation.

Pipebuzone (LD 4644) is an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agent. Pipebuzone was used for the treatment of various rheumatic diseases. It was particularly well tolerated, clinically and pathologically, and had a reliable anti inflammatory action. This action was especially dramatic in the acute inflammatory rheumatisms and particularly in the microcrystalline arthropathies, gout and chondrocalcinosis. It was in the treatment of the latter that the drug was most consistently successful and quick acting. With chronic rheumatism its action was again noteworthy in the case of rheumatic pelvic spondylitis. Pipebuzone was also used in odonto-stomatology and maxillo-facial surgery, for the protection of the pulp in a conjoined prosthesis.

Eptazocine is an opioid analgesic which was introduced in 1987 by Morishita in Japan . It acts as a mixed κappa opioid receptor agonist and mu-opioid receptor antagonist.