Djenkolic acid (or sometimes jengkolic acid) is a sulfur-containing toxin and non-protein amino acid naturally found in Djenkol beans of the South-East Asian legumes jengkol (Archidendron jiringa). Djenkolic acid is toxic to humans, often causing kidney failure. The toxicity of djenkolic acid in humans arises from its poor solubility under acidic conditions after consumption of the Djenkol bean. The amino acid precipitates into crystals which cause mechanical irritation of the renal tubules and urinary tract, resulting in symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, loin pains, severe colic, nausea, vomiting, dysuria, gross hematuria, and oliguria, occurring 2 to 6 hours after the beans were ingested. Treatment for this toxicity requires hydration to increase urine flow and alkalinization of urine by sodium bicarbonate. Furthermore, this poisoning can be prevented when consuming Djenkol beans by boiling them beforehand, since djenkolic acid is removed from the beans.

Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is an indole tetramic acid mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. The toxicity of CPA is attributed to its ability to alter normal intracellular calcium flux through the specific inhibition of sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum calcium-dependent ATPase (SERCA) essential for calcium uptake as in the muscle contraction-relaxation cycle, which results in increased muscle contraction. Beside colonizing various grains and seeds, these molds can grow on many food substrates, such as cheese and meat products. Therefore, CPA can contaminate a number of agricultural commodities, animal feeds, and food sources. This toxin has been found in edible tissue in poultry, milk, and eggs presumptively due to animals’ consumption of contaminated feeds. Despite the wide presence of CPA, few incidents of animal mycotoxicosis and no confirmed incident of human poisoning have been attributed to CPA. In preclinical models CPA demonstrated anti-arrhythmic effects.