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Restrict the search for
monomethyl fumarate
to a specific field?
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Azaloxan Fumarate by ZYF Pharm
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Azaloxan is an antidepressant drug, developed in the 1980s but never marketed.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT04274673: Phase 4 Interventional Unknown status Chronic Pain, Acute Pain, Cotinine, Hysterectomy
(2019)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Cotinine is a product formed after the chemical nicotine enters the body. Measuring cotinine in people’s blood is the most reliable way to determine exposure to nicotine for both smokers and nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Cotinine is safe, non-addictive and has pharmacokinetic properties adequate for therapeutic use. Research has shown that cotinine has antipsychotic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties and modulates the serotonergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic systems. Cotinine behaves as a positive allosteric modulator of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and has anti-inflammatory effects. Cotinine is under investigation as an agent for the treatment of depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Medifoxamine, an antidepressive drug, preferentially inhibits dopamine reuptake. It was marketed in France, but because of the hepatotoxicity, then was withdrawn.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT03278431: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Hookworm Infection
(2017)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Oxantel is a narrow-spectrum anthelmintic effective against whipworms in dogs and cats. It is ineffective against other roundworms, flukes, tapeworms or external parasites. Oxantel acts on the nervous system of the worms as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Oxantel, a cholinergic anthelmintic and fumarate reductase inhibitor, significantly inhibited biofilm formation by P. gingivalis and disrupted established biofilms at concentrations below its MIC against planktonic cells. Oxantel was more effective against P. gingivalis in biofilm than metronidazole, a commonly used antibiotic for periodontitis. When oxantel was administrated to human beings for the treatment of trichuriasis, no drug reaction or side effects were reported, and the results of hematologic, biochemical and urinary examinations didn’t reveal any significant drug-related changes.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Tilarginine is L-N-monomethyl arginine (L -NMMA), a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which has been studied in the treatment of septic shock and cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction. Despite strong evidence that excessive nitric oxide (NO) production plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of septic shock and may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction, outcome studies in these two disorders have proved disappointing. Tilarginine therapy was associated with an excess mortality, particularly at doses > 5 mg/(kg h), in septic shock, whereas the effects of a lower dose (1 mg/(kg h)) in cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction were neutral. The excess mortality in patients with septic shock was almost certainly the result of unfavorable hemodynamic changes induced by Tilarginine (decreased cardiac output, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and reduced tissue oxygen delivery) whereas the lack of benefit in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction may have been because the dose of Tilarginine was too low.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Calcium Fumarate is a calcium salt of fumaric acid, it can be used as a food supplement. Calcium Fumarate may be used to treat conditions caused by low Calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany). It may also be used in certain patients to make sure they are getting enough Calcium (e.g., women who are pregnant, nursing, or postmenopausal, people taking certain medications such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, or prednisone). Calcium Fumarate is
classified by the FDA as a dietary and nutritional
additive (21CFR§172.350) and has been used for many
years.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
3-Aminopropionitrile (Beta-amino-propionitrile, BAPN) is a toxic constituent from lathyrus plants. BAPN found in lathyrus odoratus (our more common garden sweet pea plant) is thought to be responsible for osteolathyrism due to irreversible inhibition of lysyl oxidase (LOX), an enzyme necessary for the covalent cross-linking of tropocollagen molecules during the maturation of mature collagen. BAPN demonstrated in antimetastatic and antimyelofibrotic activity in vivo due to inhibition of LOX.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Schmerz. Apr 2003;17(2):110-6.: Phase 4 Human clinical trial Completed Pain, Postoperative
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
TILIDINE is a low to medium potency opioid analgesic. It is metabolized to its active metabolites, nortilidine and bisnortilidine. Its analgesic activity is largely exerted through nortilidine which is a potent agonist at Mu opioid receptors.
Status:
Withdrawn
Source:
Aminorex fumarate
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Aminorex is an anorectic stimulant drug. Aminorex inhibits norepinephrine and dopamine transporters with IC50 of 0.33 and 0.85 uM. It was briefly available as an appetite suppressant in the 1960s in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria, but was found to cause pronounced vasoconstriction in the pulmonary vasculature, and was withdrawn from the market in 1972 due to several cases of fatal and life-threatening pulmonary hypertension. In the USA aminorex is an illegal schedule I drug.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2000)
Source:
NDA021119
(2000)
Source URL:
First approved in 2000
Source:
NDA021119
Source URL:
Class:
MIXTURE
Conditions:
Verteporfin (trade name Visudyne), a benzoporphyrin derivative, is a medication used for the treatment of patients with predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration, pathologic myopia or presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. Verteporfin can also be used to destroy tumors. Verteporfin is a 1:1 mixture of two regioisomers (I and II), VISUDYNE therapy is a two-stage process requiring administration of both verteporfin for injection and nonthermal red light. Verteporfin accumulates in these abnormal blood vessels and, when stimulated by nonthermal red light with a wavelength of 689 nm in the presence of oxygen, produces highly reactive short-lived singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen radicals, resulting in local damage to the endothelium and blockage of the vessels. Verteporfin is also used off-label for the treatment of central serous retinopathy. Verteporfin is given intravenously, 15 minutes before laser treatment. Light activation of verteporfin results in local damage to neovascular endothelium, resulting in vessel occlusion. Damaged endothelium is known to release procoagulant and vasoactive factors through the lipo-oxygenase (leukotriene) and cyclo-oxygenase (eicosanoids such as thromboxane) pathways, resulting in platelet aggregation, fibrin clot formation and vasoconstriction. Verteporfin appears to somewhat preferentially accumulate in neovasculature, including choroidal neovasculature. However, animal models indicate that the drug is also present in the retina. Therefore, there may be collateral damage to retinal structures following photoactivation including the retinal pigmented epithelium and outer nuclear layer of the retina. The temporary occlusion of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) following VISUDYNE therapy has been confirmed in humans by fluorescein angiography.
