Pirogliride is the antidiabetic agent. It has been found to produce a hypoglycemic effect in nondiabetic rats, dogs, mice, and monkeys. To being three to four times more potent than tolbutamide, pirogliride also differs from the sulfonylureas in lowering blood glucose concentrations of streptozotocin-diabetic rats and db/db mice, and, moreover, oral administration to normal fasted dogs did not produce the characteristic rise in insulin concentrations observed with tolbutamide. Pirogliride potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated islets. This effect is accompanied by a facilitated glucose metabolism. Pirogliride partially prevents the known inhibitory effects of mannoheptulose on glucose-induced secretion and utilization. Pirogliride was found to produce a concentration-dependent inhibition of gluconeogenesis in rat kidney cortex slices. hepatocytes and perfused liver. Pirogliride was metabolized in man to a small extent by oxidation of the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

Camiglibose is a glucopyranoside and inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase with antihyperglycemic activity patented by Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. In rats, a single oral dose of Camiglibose administered simultaneously with 2 g/kg body wt sucrose resulted in a dose dependent reduction in the area under the 0- to 3-h glycemic response curve, A reduction in the glycemic response to sucrose was accompanied by reduced insulin secretion. Camiglibose was more effective against a sucrose load in streptozocin-administered rats than in control rats and was as effective after 16 daily doses as after a single dose. Doses that reduced the glycemic response to carbohydrate did not inhibit liver lysosomal a-glucosidase activity or cause lysosomal glycogen accumulation. In cynomolgus monkeys, an oral dose of 1 mg/kg Camiglibose reduced the glycemic and insulin responses to sucrose

Zaltidine (CP-57,361) is a guanidinothiazolylimidazole compound which is a highly specific H2-receptor antagonist. It potently inhibits gastric acid secretion. Zaltidine appears to be an effective treatment of duodenal ulcer in human studies. However, the incidence of hepatic damage (8%) seems higher than with commonly used H2-receptor antagonists.

Picofosforic acid is the laxative.

Glicetanile is a derivative of sulphonamides (antibacterial sulfa drugs). It has antihyperglycemic activity. The compound is metabolized and eliminated by the body rapidly after both oral and intravenous administration, and therefore prevents adverse hypoglycemic effects.

Etoformin is an antidiabetic drug. It decreases gluconeogenesis and increases peripheral utilization of glucose.

Englitazone is a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent. It has insulinomimetic and insulin-enhancing actions in vitro and glucose-, insulin-, triglyceride-, and cholesterol-lowering properties in an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It acts as a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand. Englitazone inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium and calcium-activated non-selective cation channels in a voltage-independent manner.

Benfosformin (also known as JAV 852), a phosphorylated biguanide that was studied as a hypoglycemic and antidiabetic agent. However, the information about the studies of this compound now is not available.

LAPAQUISTAT is a squalene synthase inhibitor. It was shown to lower cholesterol levels in several animal models. It was investigated for the treatment of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, however, its development was discontinued.