Emedastine is an antihistaminic agent, which was approved by FDA for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis (Emadine brand name). The drug acts selectively on H1 receptors with lower affinity to H2 and H3 subtypes. Emedastine has a relatively unfavorable CNS effect profile. A small percentage of patients reported somnolence as an adverse effect after administration.

Lubabegron was initially studied in the Eli Lilly’s lab for potential applications in human health. The drug is a beta-adrenergic agonist that has the effect of increasing the breakdown of fats and increasing energy expenditure in cells. Lubabegron is the first animal drug that was approved to reduce ammonia gas emissions from an animal or its waste. These ammonia gasses can come from many sources and can affect the health of people, animals and the environment.

Tiamulin is a diterpene antimicrobial with a pleuromutilin chemical structure similar to that of valnemulin. The activity of tiamulin is largely confined to gram-positive micro-organisms and mycoplasma. Tiamulin acts by inhibiting protein synthesis at the ribosomal level. In veterinary medicine, tiamulin is used for treatment and prophylaxis of dysentery, pneumonia and mycoplasmal infections in pigs and poultry. Tiamulin is available as a 2, 10 or 20% premix for pigs and poultry, a 12.5% solution or 45% water soluble powder for addition to drinking water for pigs and poultry, or a 10% injectable formulation for pigs. Tiamulin inhibits protein synthesis by targeting the 50S bacterial ribosomal subunit and binding to peptidyl transferase, the enzyme responsible for forming peptide bonds between amino acids.

Dibutyl fumarate (DBF) is a plasticizer compound used in a number of products. However, it is banned from use in consumer products in the European Union after causing a widespread outbreak of dermatitis. The status of DBF as a skin irritant has been confirmed in animal studies. DBF apparently facilitates the trafficking of FITC-presenting CD11c(+) dendritic cells from the skin to draining lymph nodes and increases the cytokine production by draining lymph nodes.