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Emoxypine (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine) succinate (MEXIDOL®) is a 3-hydroxypyridine derivative which is quite similar in structure to Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). The most important components of the mechanism of action of Mexidol® are its antioxidant and membranotropic effects, the ability to modulate functioning of receptors and membrane-bound enzymes, restore a neurotransmitter balance. Due to its mechanism of action Mexidol® has a wide range of pharmacological effects, realized on at least two levels – neuronal and vascular. It has antihypoxic, anti-ischemic, neuroprotective, nootropic, vegetotrophic, anti-stress, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, anti-alcohol, cardioprotective, anti-atherogenic, geroprotective and other actions. Under the action of Mexidol®, it is observed an improvement in cerebral circulation and microcirculation. Emoxypine is distributed in Russia but it is widely unknown in other regions.
Sodium fluoroborate (sodium tetrafluoroborate) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBF4. It is used in the sand casting of aluminum, electrochemical processes, and as fluorinating agent. It is also used as an additive in chrome, nickel and cadmium plating baths. Sodium tetrafluoroborate may be used as a catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes via electrophilic substitution reaction of indoles with aldehydes and ketones. It may also be used as a source of tetrafluoroborate anoins during the synthesis of ionic liquids like 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate[4] and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate.
Disodium phenyl phosphate is a monophenyl ester of phosphoric acid. It is used as tool compound to study the efficacy of phosphatases. Hydrolysis of phenyl phosphate by milk phosphatases was used to used to indicate whether milk has been adequately pasteurized or whether it has been contaminated with raw milk after pasteurization. Phenyl phosphate was also used as a molecular fragment for fragment-based drug discovery of Src SH2.
