Ethyl maltol, a key food additive, and flavor enhancer is safe and is the most common sweet-associated component in electronic cigarette liquids. Ethyl maltol binds to human serum albumin (HSA) by situating within subdomain IIA (site I) of HSA.

Ethyl oleate is a fatty acid ester used as a solvent for pharmaceutical drug preparations involving lipophilic substances such as steroids. In vivo studies have demonstrated that Ethyl oleate and other fatty acid esters are also rapidly hydrolyzed to ethanol and free fatty acid. Ethyl oleate is one of the fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) that is formed in the body after ingestion of ethanol. There is a growing body of research literature that implicates FAEEs such as ethyl oleate as the toxic mediators of ethanol in the body (pancreas, liver, heart, and brain). Among the speculations is that ethyl oleate may be the toxic mediator of alcohol in fetal alcohol syndrome. The oral ingestion of ethyl oleate has been carefully studied and due to rapid degradation in the digestive tract, it appears safe for oral ingestion. Ethyl oleate is not currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for any injectable use. However, it is used by compounding pharmacies as a vehicle for intramuscular drug delivery, in some cases to prepare the daily doses of progesterone in support of pregnancy. Studies which document the safe use of ethyl oleate in pregnancy for both the mother and the fetus have never been performed.

Ethyl acetate is a widely used synthetic solvent. It is used in cosmetics and considered to be safe. Ethyl acetate is cited as a direct and indirect food additive as detailed in the Code of Federal Regulations. Ethyl acetate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a synthetic flavor and/or adjuvant; limitations on concentrations of use were not specified. Ethyl acetate was tested for in vitro in human breast cancer cell line and demonstrated considerable cytotoxicity.

Ethylparaben is produced naturally and found in several fruits and insects, where it acts as an antimicrobial agent. Ethylparaben is mainly used as antiseptics in cosmetics, food and medicine (E number E214). It is also can be used as feed preservatives and antiseptic for bacteria. Ethylparaben is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or through the skin. It is hydrolyzed to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and rapidly excreted in urine without accumulating in the body. Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), cosmetic products and ingredients, other than color additives, do not need FDA approval before they go on the market. Broad concentration ranges reported in each product category in 1981 were < 0.1% and > 0.1% to 1%. Studies show the in vivo estrogenicity of MP and EP at human exposure levels, and indicate that populations exposed to large amounts of MP and EP may have a high burden of estrogenicity-related diseases.

Ethyl vanillin is an important food additive and flavouring agent approved by FAO/WHO, has a vanilla odor four times that of vanillin and shows anti-mutagenic activity. It is used as flavoring agent and/or as an additive by the food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutic industries. Ethyl vanillin possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The antioxidant activity of ethyl vanillin was much stronger than that of vanillin in the oxidative hemolysis inhibition assay, but was the same as that of vanillin in the ORAC assay. Oral administration of ethyl vanillin to mice increased the concentration of ethyl vanillic acid, and effectively raised antioxidant activity in the plasma as compared to the effect of vanillin. The antioxidant activity of ethyl vanillin might be more beneficial than has been thought in daily health practice. The anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties of EVA are based on its suppressive effect on the production of nitric oxide possibly via decreasing the reactive oxygen species level.

Triethyl citrate is a triester of ethyl alcohol and citric acid. It is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a food additive (E number E1505) to stabilize foams, especially as whipping aid for egg white. Triethyl citrate is a plasticizer, that plays an important role as a dispersing aid in the processing of polylactic acid/chitin nanocrystal (PLA/ChNC) nanocomposites.

Diethyl phthalate is a colourless liquid with a slight aromatic odour and low volatility. Diethyl phthalate is used as a plasticizer for cellulose ester plastic films and sheets (photographic, blister packaging, and tape applications) and moulded and extruded articles (consumer articles such as toothbrushes, automotive components, tool handles, and toys). Diethyl phthalate was reported as an ingredient in 67 cosmetic formulations. Diethyl phthalate is used as a component in insecticide sprays and mosquito repellents. Diethyl phthalate is likely to undergo biodegradation in the environment. General population exposure in the USA, as estimated from urinary concentrations of the monoester, was estimated to be 12 µg/kg body weight per day (median value). Dermally applied diethyl phthalate penetrates the skin and can be widely distributed in the body, but it does not accumulate in tissue. Diethyl phthalate has irritant effects on the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes and can lead to central nervous system (CNS) effects in exposed workers. The exposure to diethyl phthalates (DEP), a parent compound of the monoethyl phthalate (MEP) metabolite, may be associated with increased risk of BC (Odds Ratio of 2.20, p value for trend, p<0.003).

Pipethanate ethobromide is an antimuscarinic with actions similar to those of atropine. It has been used in the symptomatic treatment of visceral spasms in oral doses of up to 160 mg daily in divided doses. Pipethanate ethobromide has also been given intramuscularly or intravenously in doses of 10 to 20 mg daily and rectally in doses of 60 or 120 mg daily.