Erythorbic acid, an epimer of L-ascorbic acid, is used in the United States as a food additive. It was studied, that erythorbic acid enhanced of iron absorption and could play a major role in enhancing iron bioavailability from mixed diets that include foods preserved with erythorbic acid. In addition, was investigated if the erythorbic acid could influence on the metabolism of vitamin C in young women, and obtained results showed, that prolonged ingestion of erythorbic acid had no effect on vitamin C uptake or clearance from the body.

Gentisic acid is an active metabolite of salicylic acid degradation, which possesses a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antioxidant properties. The antioxidant activity and radioprotective properties of gentisic acid are exerted by its phenoxyl group. It is also used in cosmetics as a skin-whitening agent for the treatment of skin pigmentary disorders by influencing the synthesis of melanin through inhibition of melanosomal tyrosinase activity Gentisic acid is also a biomarker of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is an fda approved for use in polymer components of food-contact paper and board adhesive. Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)(PAMPS)] has been found to inhibit the cytopathicity of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells at concentrations that are not toxic to the host cells. It also inhibited syncytium formation in co-cultures of MOLT-4 cells with HIV-1- or HIV-2-infected HUT-78 cells. It inhibited binding of anti-gp120 mAb to HIV-1 gp120 and blocked adsorption of HIV-1 virions to MT-4 cells.

2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is an fda approved for use in polymer components of food-contact paper and board adhesive. Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)(PAMPS)] has been found to inhibit the cytopathicity of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells at concentrations that are not toxic to the host cells. It also inhibited syncytium formation in co-cultures of MOLT-4 cells with HIV-1- or HIV-2-infected HUT-78 cells. It inhibited binding of anti-gp120 mAb to HIV-1 gp120 and blocked adsorption of HIV-1 virions to MT-4 cells.

Lactic Acid, L- (L-lactic acid, L-lactate) is the levorotatory isomer of lactic acid, the biologically active isoform in humans. Lactic acid or lactate is produced during fermentation from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate dehydrogenase is isomer-specific so that production and metabolism of D-lactate require D-LDH and L-lactate requires L-LDH. Mammalian cells only contain L-LDH so that in humans the lactate produced is almost exclusively L-lactate. Carbohydrate-fermenting bacterial species (e.g. lactobacillus spp) have by contrast both enzymes and therefore the capacity to produce both D-lactate and L-lactate. L-lactic acid is the primary agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), which is a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Poly-L-lactic acid is an absorbable, semi-permanent, injectable implant that can be used to restore volume and stimulate collagen formation gradually. It is FDA-approved for the correction of facial fat loss associated with antiretroviral therapy-induced lipoatrophy in HIV patients. It is FDA-approved for use in immunocompetent people for the correction of nasolabial fold deficiencies and other facial wrinkles. It has been used off-label to enhance the cheeks, hands, neck, thighs, gluteal enhancement and chest wall deformities, such as pectus excavatum or thoracic deformities secondary to surgical procedures.