Ritipenem (FCE 22101), a penem antibiotic, penicillin binding protein inhibitor, is potent against both gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and its acetoxymethyl ester (FCE 22891; ritipenem-acoxil) is orally available. Ritipenem is manufactured by Tanabe Seiyaku in the ritipenem acoxil prodrug form, which can be taken orally. It is not FDA approved in the United States.

Adrenochrome monoaminoguanidine (S-Adchnon) is a hemostatic capillary-stabilizing agent demonstrating pharmacological effects against radiation injury by reducing side effects of radiation therapy on hematopoietic organ. Synthesized by a dehydrating reaction of adrenochrome and aminoguanidine it has superior properties than adrenochrome, an oxidation product of adrenalin remarkable for its efficiency as a haemostatic agent at very small doses and for its more rapid and equally intense action than that of adrenalin. Adrenochrome does not alter the cardiac rhythm and does not cause any hypertension or internal haemorrhages and would be suitable for therapeutic applications, however, its instability, in aqueous or alcoholic solution, makes its use substantially impossible. S-Adchnon was devised, approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 1962 and used widely in Japan. Adrenochrome monoaminoguanidine has negligible toxicity, stable and could be made into salts for aqueous dosage, especially for injection. Adrenochrome monoaminoguanidine methanesulfonate (AMM) enhances the recovery from radiation-induced leukopenia in rabbits and in humans, and inhibits the increases in chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with cervical carcinoma under radiotherapy. It has been shown that the radiation-induced initial decrease in number of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) is not affected by AMM, but recovery from the decrease is enhanced, shortening the period of leukopenia. This suggests that AMM may not exert its effects by protecting PBL directly but by protecting stem and/or progenitor cells in hematogenesis which proliferate and differentiate to PBL after irradiation. In in vitro colony formation method AMM demonstrated a protective effect on the survival of GM-CFC, a hematopoietic progenitor cells. Differential action on cancer and normal tissue by AMM and cytochrome C combined with radiotherapy was demonstrated. AMM in combination with cytochrome C augumented natural killer (NK) cells activity in KSN nude mice, protected potent NK cells in patients with lung cancer against radiotherapy and sensitized the human lung cancer xenografts to radiotherapy. Thus, AMM and cytochrome C may have the potential as a differential modulator of radiosensitivity of normal tissues and of tumors.

Bumadizone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exerting analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been studied in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases.

Etilefrine is a cardiac stimulant used as an antihypotensive. Intravenous infusion of this compound increases cardiac output, stroke volume, venous return and blood pressure in man and experimental animals, suggesting stimulation of both α and β adrenergic receptors. However, in vitro studies indicate that etilefrine has a much higher affinity for β1 (cardiac) than for β2 adrenoreceptors. Intravenous etilefrine increases the pulse rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure of healthy individuals. Marked falls in pulse rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and peripheral bloodflow, accompanied by rises in mean arterial pressure, occur when etilefrine is infused after administration of intravenous propranolol 2,5 mg. These findings indicate that etilefrine has both β1 and α1 adrenergic effects in man. The French Health Products Agency concluded that etilefrine and heptaminol have an unfavourable harm-benefit balance, and also placed restrictions on the use of midodrine.

Ethacizine (ethacyzine) is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent, related to moracizine. It is used in Russia and some other Commonwealth of Independent States countries for the treatment of severe and/or refractory ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, especially those accompanied by organic heart disease. It is also indicated as a treatment of refractory tachycardia associated with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome.

Acefylline is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class. It acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Acephylline piperazine is a theophylline derivative with a direct bronchodilator action. It has the advantages over theophylline in being far less toxic and producing minimal gastric irritation. It is indicated for the treatment of asthma, emphysema, acute and chronic bronchitis associated with bronchospasm.Acefylline relaxes smooth muscles, relieves bronchospasm & has a stimulant effect on respiration. It stimulates the myocardium & central nervous system, decreases peripheral resistance & venous pressure & causes diuresis. The mechanism of action is still not clear, inhibition of phosphodiesterase with a resulting increase in intracellular cyclic AMP does occur, but not apparently at concentrations normally used for clinical effect. Other proposed mechanisms of action include adenosine receptor antagonism, prostaglandin antagonism & effects on intracellular calcium. Sodium phenobarbital is a non-selective central nervous system depressant that is primarily used as sedative-hypnotic.

THALLOUS OXIDE (Thallium (1) Oxide) has been used in the manufacturing of glass of a high coefficient of refraction for optical purposes (thallium flint glass) and for artificial gems. Thallium oxide is black in color and is the inorganic compound of Thallium and Oxygen. THALLOUS OXIDE compounds are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics (e.g. tablets) and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells. THALLOUS OXIDE is toxic by ingestion. It has previously been used as rat poison and ant killer, but its use is prohibited since 1972.

Umifenovir or arbidol (ethyl-6-bromo-4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-[(phenylthio)methyl]-indole-3-carboxylate hydrochloride monohydrate) is a Russian-made potent broad-spectrum antiviral with demonstrated activity against a number of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.For both viral infections the anti-viral mechanism involves umifenovir inhibition of virus-mediated fusion with target membrane and a resulting block of virus entry into target cells. Arbidol was shown to have effects on nonspecific defense factors, on its capacity to induce interferon and activate phagocytes in particular. Arbidol-treated patients with lower baseline immunity showed improvement in immunological parameters (in the counts of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, in the levels of serum immunoglobulins). Arbidol produces a high preventive and therapeutical effects in influenza A and B and other acute respiratory viral infections, prevents postinfluenza complications, reduces the incidence of exacerbations of chronic diseases in postinfluenza patients. In influenza, the therapeutical efficiency of the drug appears as decreases in intoxication, the severity of catarrhal syndrome, shorter fever and disease in general. Arbidol is beneficial for patients with secondary immunodeficiency, in those with recurrent herpes infection or chronic bronchitis.

Trelagliptin (SYR-472), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trelagliptin (as the salt Trelagliptin succinate) was approved for use in Japan in March 2015. Takeda, the company that developed Trelagliptin, chose to not get approval for the drug in the USA and EU.

Acefylline is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class. It acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Acephylline piperazine is a theophylline derivative with a direct bronchodilator action. It has the advantages over theophylline in being far less toxic and producing minimal gastric irritation. It is indicated for the treatment of asthma, emphysema, acute and chronic bronchitis associated with bronchospasm.Acefylline relaxes smooth muscles, relieves bronchospasm & has a stimulant effect on respiration. It stimulates the myocardium & central nervous system, decreases peripheral resistance & venous pressure & causes diuresis. The mechanism of action is still not clear, inhibition of phosphodiesterase with a resulting increase in intracellular cyclic AMP does occur, but not apparently at concentrations normally used for clinical effect. Other proposed mechanisms of action include adenosine receptor antagonism, prostaglandin antagonism & effects on intracellular calcium. Sodium phenobarbital is a non-selective central nervous system depressant that is primarily used as sedative-hypnotic.