Geraniol is a dietary monoterpene alcohol that is found in the essential oils of aromatic plants. To date, experimental evidence supports the therapeutic or preventive effects of geraniol on different types of cancer, such as breast, lung, colon, prostate, pancreatic, and hepatic cancer, and has revealed the mechanistic basis for its pharmacological actions. In addition, geraniol sensitizes tumor cells to commonly used chemotherapy agents. Geraniol controls a variety of signaling molecules and pathways that represent tumor hallmarks; these actions of geraniol constrain the ability of tumor cells to acquire adaptive resistance against anticancer drugs. It has been shown that geraniol inhibits HMG-CoA reductase in most types of tumor cells, which raises the possibility that the reduced prenylation of small G-proteins, such as Ras or RhoA, accounts for the antitumor effects of geraniol. In addition to its use in various commercial products, including cosmetics and fine fragrances, geraniol exerts a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and neuroprotective activities. Geraniol is classified into the generally recognized-as-safe (GRAS) category by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States.

2-Hexenal belongs to the aldehyde and exists in two isomeric forms: cis (Z) and greater importance form, trans (E). Trans-2-hexenal was studied as a potential antifungal compound that can inhibits Aspergillus flavus Spore Germination. The inhibition takes place by the disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism and the induction of early apoptosis. Besides, trans-2-hexenal can be an alternative fumigation agent for controlling M. incognita on tomato crops. Botanical nematicides have recently received increasing interest because of the high risks of some traditional nematicides to human health and the environment.

Ethyl sulfate is a metabolite of ethanol and a biomarker of recent alcohol consumption that provide objective measures of abstinence.

Ethyl sulfate is a metabolite of ethanol and a biomarker of recent alcohol consumption that provide objective measures of abstinence.