Tetracaine (INN, also known as amethocaine; trade name Pontocaine. Ametop and Dicaine) is a potent local anesthetic of the ester group. It is mainly used topically in ophthalmology and as an antipruritic, and it has been used in spinal anesthesia. Tetracaine blocks sodium ion channels required for the initiation and conduction of neuronal impulses thereby affecting local anesthesia. In biomedical research, tetracaine is used to alter the function of calcium release channels (ryanodine receptors) that control the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Tetracaine is an allosteric blocker of channel function. At low concentrations, tetracaine causes an initial inhibition of spontaneous calcium release events, while at high concentrations, tetracaine blocks release completely.

Dibucaine is used as a local anesthetic for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. Dibucaine is used to temporarily relieve pain and itching due to: hemorrhoids or other anorectal disorders, sunburn, minor burns, minor cuts; scrapes, insect bites, minor skin irritation. This drug acts via blocking of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane's permeability to sodium ions through sodium channel blocking. This reversibly stabilizes the membrane and inhibits depolarization, resulting in the failure of a propagated action potential and subsequent conduction blockade.

Zinc monocarbonate (Zinc Carbonate) is an inorganic salt. In the United States, Zinc Carbonate may be used as an active ingredient in OTC drug products. When used as an active drug ingredient, the established name is Zinc Carbonate. Zinc monocarbonate is generally recognized as safe by FDA. It is used as skin protectant active ingredient. Zinc carbonate was found to retard the degradation of some poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres in vivo and in vitro. Adding Zinc Carbonate is essential during the preparation of PLGA microspheres. It can remarkably improve the stability of drugs in the acid microenvironment inside PLGA microspheres.

Caffeine is a methylxanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia that is structurally related to adenosine and acts primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist with psychotropic and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon ingestion, caffeine binds to adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), which inhibits adenosine binding. This inhibits the adenosine-mediated downregulation of CNS activity; thus, stimulating the activity of the medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers in the brain. The anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine are due the nonselective competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterases. Caffeine is used by mouth or rectally in combination with painkillers (such as aspirin and acetaminophen) and a chemical called ergotamine for treating migraineheadaches. It is also used with painkillers for simple headaches and preventing and treating headaches after epidural anesthesia. Caffeine creams are applied to the skin to reduce redness and itching in dermatitis. Healthcare providers sometimes give caffeine intravenously (by IV) for headache after epidural anesthesia, breathing problems in newborns, and to increase urine flow. In foods, caffeine is used as an ingredient in soft drinks, energy drinks, and other beverages.

Cenisertib (also known as R763) is water-soluble, synthetic small molecule aurora kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Cenisertib is a potent adenine triphosphate-competitive inhibitor of Aurora kinase isoforms A–C, disrupting mitotic spindle activity, blocking cell separation, and leading to polyploidy and cell death. At low nanomolar concentrations, Cenisertib also inhibits other kinases involved in cell survival and proliferation including FLT3, BCR-ABL1, and BCR-ABL1 with T315I mutation. It also inhibits JAK2 kinase, but at higher concentrations. Preclinically, Cenisertib has demonstrated potent antitumor activity as a single agent and in combination treatment in leukemia cell lines, freshly isolated leukemia cells, and leukemia xenograft models. Toxicities appear to be related mainly to the gastrointestinal and hematopoietic systems. In animal models, activity and toxicity depend not only on dose but also on the schedule of administration.

Doxybetasol is the corticosteroid. It is an impurity of Betamethasone, which is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Doxybetasol also has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties.

N,N-Dimethyl-5-Methoxytryptamine (aka 5-MeO-DMT) is a psychedelic of the tryptamine class. It is found in a wide variety of plant species, and a single psychoactive toad species, the Colorado River toad. Like its close relatives DMT and bufotenin (5-HO-DMT), it has been used as an entheogen in South America. It can also be found in the dart poison traditionally used by the Yanoama Indians of Upper Orinoco. It acts as a non-selective serotonin (5-HT) agonist. -MeO-DMT is O-demethylated by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) to an active metabolite, bufotenine. 5-MeO-DMT is classified as a controlled substance in China, Australia, Sweden, Turkey, and the USA.

Calcium benzoate is the calcium salt of benzoic acid. Used as a preservative, both antibacterial and antifungal. Calcium benzoate can be found in concentrated pineapple juice. People who suffer from asthma, aspirin sensitivity or the skin disease urticaria may have allergic reactions and/or find their symptoms become worse following consumption of benzoic acid, particularly in combination with tartrazine (E102). Calcium benzoate (E213) is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand.